RSMSSB JE Exam key terms

A long irrigation canal that carries water from the Harike barrage on the Sutlej-Beas system across Punjab and into the Thar Desert of Rajasthan, supporting farming in Ganganagar, Hanumangarh, Bikaner and Jaisalmer districts.

An old fold mountain range running roughly south-west to north-east across Rajasthan, separating the desert west from the more fertile east; Guru Shikhar on Mount Abu is its highest peak.

The arid sandy region of western Rajasthan and adjoining Pakistan, marked by low rainfall, shifting dunes and sparse vegetation; it covers a large share of the state's area and shapes its climate and economy.

A major river of eastern Rajasthan flowing north-east towards the Yamuna, known for deep ravines; it feeds irrigation and power projects and is home to gharials and crocodiles.

The three-tier system of rural local self-government in India covering village, block and district levels; Rajasthan is historically associated with pioneering its introduction in the late 1950s.

An administrative subdivision of a district in India used mainly for revenue and land records work, headed by a Tehsildar; several tehsils together form a sub-division.

The state civil service cadre of Rajasthan whose officers hold posts such as Sub-Divisional Officer and Additional District Collector; recruitment is through a combined state competitive examination.

The opening statement of the Indian Constitution declaring the source of authority as the people and listing the ideals of justice, liberty, equality and fraternity; it is used as an aid in interpretation.

Guidelines in Part IV of the Indian Constitution that direct governments to promote social and economic welfare; they are not enforceable in courts but are fundamental in governance.

A list in Article 51A of the Indian Constitution setting out moral obligations of citizens, such as respecting the Constitution and protecting the environment; added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976.

The principal organ of the United Nations responsible for maintaining international peace and security, with five permanent and ten elected members; permanent members hold veto power.

A grouping of states that declined to join either Cold War bloc, founded at the Belgrade summit of 1961; India was a leading founder member along with Yugoslavia, Egypt, Ghana and Indonesia.

A grouping of major emerging economies originally comprising Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa; it holds annual summits and has recently expanded to include additional member countries.

The process by which green plants, algae and some bacteria use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to make sugars, releasing oxygen; chlorophyll in chloroplasts captures the light energy needed.

The green pigment found in chloroplasts that absorbs mainly red and blue light for photosynthesis and reflects green light, which is why most leaves appear green.

The loss of water vapour from the aerial parts of a plant, chiefly through stomata in leaves; it drives the upward pull of water through the xylem and cools the plant.

Tiny pores, mostly on leaf surfaces, that open and close to allow carbon dioxide in and oxygen and water vapour out; guard cells control their opening.

The relationship stating that current through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across it at constant temperature and physical conditions; the constant of proportionality is resistance.

The property of a material that opposes the flow of electric current, measured in ohms; it depends on material, length, cross-sectional area and temperature.

The ratio of real power to apparent power in an alternating-current circuit, equal to the cosine of the phase angle between voltage and current; a low value means poor utilisation of supply.

The smallest positive number that is a multiple of each of two or more given integers; for fractions it is computed from the LCM of numerators and HCF of denominators in the usual method.

The largest positive integer that divides each of two or more given integers without leaving a remainder; also called greatest common divisor, it is used to simplify fractions.

A ratio compares two quantities of the same kind by division, while a proportion states that two ratios are equal; problems often involve dividing a total in a given ratio.

A way of expressing a number as a fraction of one hundred, written with the percent sign; it is widely used for profit and loss, interest and data interpretation questions.

Interest calculated only on the original principal for the whole period, using the formula principal times rate times time divided by one hundred; it ignores interest on accrued interest.

Interest calculated on the principal plus previously accumulated interest, so the amount grows geometrically; the amount equals principal multiplied by one plus rate per period raised to the number of periods.

A form of logical reasoning in which a conclusion is drawn from two or more given statements assumed true; questions ask which conclusion necessarily follows from the premises.

A reasoning topic in which relationships among family members are described in coded or indirect form, and the candidate must identify how two named persons are related.

A reasoning topic where words or numbers are converted into a code by a rule such as letter shifting or reversal, and the candidate must apply the same rule to a new item.

System software that manages hardware resources and provides services to application programs, handling tasks such as process scheduling, memory allocation, file systems and device input and output.

Volatile primary memory that stores programs and data currently in use so the processor can read and write them quickly; its contents are lost when power is switched off.

A small, very fast memory placed between the processor and main memory that holds frequently used instructions and data to reduce average access time.

A malicious program that attaches itself to other files or programs and spreads when those are run, often damaging data; antivirus software detects it using signatures and behaviour checks.

हिंदी व्याकरण में दो वर्णों के मेल से होने वाले परिवर्तन को संधि कहते हैं; स्वर संधि, व्यंजन संधि और विसर्ग संधि इसके प्रमुख भेद हैं।

दो या दो से अधिक शब्दों के मेल से बने संक्षिप्त पद को समास कहते हैं; तत्पुरुष, कर्मधारय, द्विगु, द्वंद्व, बहुव्रीहि और अव्ययीभाव इसके भेद हैं।

उपसर्ग शब्द के आरंभ में जुड़कर अर्थ बदलता है और प्रत्यय अंत में जुड़कर नया शब्द या भाव बनाता है; दोनों शब्द-निर्माण के साधन हैं।

The maximum pressure a soil or rock mass can safely carry without shear failure or excessive settlement; it governs the size and type of foundation chosen for a structure.

The resistance of a soil or material to forces that tend to slide one part past another; in soils it comes from friction between particles and cohesion, and it controls slope stability.

A simple field test for the workability or consistency of fresh concrete, in which a moulded cone of concrete is allowed to settle and the drop in height is measured.

The ideal thermodynamic cycle for spark-ignition engines, consisting of isentropic compression, constant-volume heat addition, isentropic expansion and constant-volume heat rejection; its efficiency depends on compression ratio.

The ideal cycle for compression-ignition engines, in which heat is added at constant pressure after compression; it is used to model the working of diesel engines and their efficiency.

An internal combustion engine completing a cycle in four piston strokes: suction, compression, power and exhaust; the crankshaft makes two revolutions per cycle.