RSMSSB Junior Accountant cheat sheet

Accounting equation: Assets = Liabilities + Capital; every transaction preserves this equality, so each debit must have an equal credit.

Golden rules: debit the receiver/credit the giver (personal); debit what comes in/credit what goes out (real); debit expenses and losses/credit incomes and gains (nominal).

Journal to ledger to trial balance: a trial balance that does not agree signals a one-sided error, wrong posting, or wrong casting; errors of principle and complete omission stay hidden.

Depreciation: straight line = (Cost − Scrap)/Useful life; written down value = fixed percentage on the opening book value each year.

Bank reconciliation starts from the cash book or pass book and adjusts cheques issued but not presented, cheques deposited but not credited, bank charges, interest, and direct debits.

Closing stock appears on the credit side of the trading account and as a current asset in the balance sheet; it is valued at cost or net realisable value, whichever is lower.

For a not-for-profit entity, excess of income over expenditure is credited to the capital fund; subscriptions in arrears and advance are shown separately.

Partnership: in the absence of a deed, profits and losses are shared equally, no interest on capital or drawings is allowed, but interest at 6% p.a. on a partner's loan is payable.

Goods sent on consignment are not sales for the consignor; the consignee's commission is an expense of the consignor, and unsold stock is valued at cost plus proportionate consignor expenses.

Mean of grouped data = Σfx/Σf; median class is where cumulative frequency crosses N/2; mode = L + [(f1 − f0)/(2f1 − f0 − f2)] × h.

Empirical relation for moderately skewed data: Mode = 3 Median − 2 Mean; for a symmetrical distribution mean = median = mode.

Standard deviation = √(Σ(x − x̄)²/N); variance is its square, and coefficient of variation = (SD/Mean) × 100 compares dispersion across series.

Correlation coefficient r lies between −1 and +1; r = 0 shows no linear relation; Spearman's rank formula is 1 − 6Σd²/[n(n² − 1)].

Simple interest = PRT/100; compound amount = P(1 + r/100)^n; effective annual rate exceeds the nominal rate when compounding is more frequent than annual.

Profit and loss: selling price = cost price × (100 + gain%)/100; successive discounts of a% and b% equal a single discount of a + b − ab/100.

Time and work: if A finishes in x days and B in y days, together they take xy/(x + y) days; efficiency is inversely proportional to time taken.

Permutation of n distinct objects = n!; combination = n!/[r!(n − r)!]; probability of an event = favourable outcomes/total equally likely outcomes.

Average of first n natural numbers = (n + 1)/2; sum = n(n + 1)/2, and sum of squares = n(n + 1)(2n + 1)/6.

Rajasthan has 33 districts after the 2023 reorganisation; Jaipur is the capital and the state shares borders with Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat.

The Aravalli range, one of the world's oldest fold mountains, runs southwest to northeast; Guru Shikhar on Mount Abu is the highest peak in the state.

The Thar Desert covers western districts; the Indira Gandhi Canal, fed by the Harike barrage on the Sutlej-Beas, irrigates the desert districts.

Major folk dances: Ghoomar (Rajasthan's state dance), Kalbelia (UNESCO intangible heritage), Bhavai, Chari, Terah Tali and Kathputli puppet theatre.

Fairs: Pushkar Camel Fair (Kartik Purnima), Gangaur, Teej, Desert Festival at Jaisalmer, Elephant Festival at Jaipur, and Ramdevra Fair near Pokhran.

Forts of Chittorgarh, Kumbhalgarh, Ranthambore, Amber, Jaisalmer and Gagron are UNESCO World Heritage Hill Forts; Keoladeo National Park and Jaipur city are also World Heritage sites.

Saints and sects: Mirabai, Sant Dadu Dayal, Jasnathi sect of Bishnois, and the Vallabhacharya Pushtimarg at Nathdwara with its Shrinathji temple.

Language and literature: Rajasthani dialects include Marwari, Mewati, Dhundhari and Hadoti; Suryakant Tripathi and Vijaydan Detha are associated with Rajasthani letters.

Fiscal deficit = total expenditure − total receipts excluding borrowings; revenue deficit = revenue expenditure − revenue receipts.

Primary deficit = fiscal deficit − interest payments; it shows current borrowing needs net of past debt servicing.

Direct taxes (income tax, corporate tax) cannot be shifted; indirect taxes (GST, customs) are passed on to consumers and are regressive in nature.

GST is a destination-based value-added tax with CGST, SGST and IGST components; petroleum crude, alcohol for human consumption and electricity remain outside its ambit.

Repo rate is the rate at which RBI lends to banks against securities; reverse repo absorbs liquidity; CRR and SLR are reserve requirements.

Inflation measured by CPI (retail, base 2012) and WPI (wholesale, base 2011-12); rising repo rate is a contractionary tool to curb demand-pull inflation.

Balance of payments = current account + capital account + errors and omissions; a current account deficit means imports of goods and services exceed exports plus transfers.

Five-Year Plans ended with the Twelfth Plan (2012-17); NITI Aayog now prepares strategy documents and the Union Budget is presented on 1 February.

Newton's laws: F = ma; every action has an equal and opposite reaction; a body stays at rest or in uniform motion unless acted on by a net force.

Ohm's law V = IR; power P = VI = I²R = V²/R; resistors in series add, in parallel the reciprocals add.

pH below 7 is acidic, above 7 basic; litmus turns red in acid and blue in base; neutralisation gives salt and water.

Photosynthesis: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ in the presence of chlorophyll and sunlight; it occurs in chloroplasts.

Human blood groups follow the ABO and Rh systems; O negative is the universal donor of red cells and AB positive the universal recipient.

Speed of light in vacuum is about 3 × 10⁸ m/s; sound needs a medium and travels faster in solids than in gases.

Vitamins: A (retinol) for vision, B-complex water soluble, C (ascorbic acid) water soluble, D (calciferol) fat soluble for calcium absorption, K for clotting.

Cell organelles: mitochondria for respiration and ATP, ribosomes for protein synthesis, chloroplasts only in plant cells, nucleus holds DNA.

Hindi noun genders: most words ending in आ are masculine (लड़का), words ending in इ/ई or आवट are often feminine (लड़की, सुन्दरता).

Hindi cases use postpositions: ने (agent), को (object/dative), से (instrument/ablative), का/के/की (genitive), में (locative).

Common Hindi idioms: आँख का तारा (very dear), नौ दो ग्यारह होना (to run away), ईद का चाँद (rarely seen), अंधे की लाठी (sole support).

English tenses: present perfect (has/have + past participle) links past action to present; past perfect (had + participle) marks the earlier of two past actions.

Active to passive: object becomes subject, verb becomes be + past participle, agent introduced by 'by'; only transitive verbs passivise.

Articles: 'a/an' for indefinite singular countable nouns, 'the' for definite or unique references; no article before uncountable nouns used generally.

Direct to indirect speech shifts tense back one step and changes pronouns and time words (now → then, today → that day, tomorrow → the next day).

Subject-verb agreement: each, every, either, neither take a singular verb; collective nouns take singular verbs when acting as one unit.

1 byte = 8 bits; 1 KB = 1024 bytes, 1 MB = 1024 KB, 1 GB = 1024 MB; binary digits are 0 and 1.

CPU has ALU, control unit and registers; primary memory is RAM (volatile) and ROM (non-volatile), secondary storage is disk or SSD.

Shortcuts: Ctrl+C copy, Ctrl+X cut, Ctrl+V paste, Ctrl+Z undo, Ctrl+Y redo, Ctrl+S save, Ctrl+P print, Ctrl+F find, Alt+F4 close window.

Excel: formulas begin with '=', $ fixes a row or column in a cell reference, and SUM, AVERAGE, COUNT, IF are common functions.

IP addresses identify devices on a network; IPv4 is 32-bit and IPv6 is 128-bit; HTTP, FTP, SMTP and DNS are application-layer protocols.

Malware types: virus attaches to files, worm self-replicates over networks, trojan disguises as legitimate software, ransomware encrypts data for payment.

Tally is accounting software using ledgers, vouchers and groups; GST returns and e-way bills can be generated from it.

Digital signature uses asymmetric cryptography with a private key for signing and a public key for verification; it ensures authenticity and integrity.

Constitutional bodies: Election Commission, UPSC, CAG and Finance Commission; NITI Aayog and NHRC are statutory or executive bodies, not constitutional.

Fundamental Rights are Part III (Articles 12-35); Article 14 equality, Article 19 freedoms, Article 21 life and liberty, Article 32 writ jurisdiction.

Rajasthan Legislative Assembly has 200 seats; the state sends 25 members to the Lok Sabha and 10 to the Rajya Sabha.

RBI is India's central bank, nationalised in 1949; it issues currency and regulates banks, while SEBI regulates securities markets.

Nobel and international bodies: UN headquarters in New York, WHO in Geneva, IMF and World Bank in Washington DC, WTO in Geneva.

Space and defence: ISRO's Chandrayaan-3 soft-landed near the lunar south pole in August 2023; Aditya-L1 studies the Sun.

National symbols: tiger is the national animal, peacock the national bird, Ganga the national river, and 'Jana Gana Mana' the national anthem.

Sports awards: Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna is the highest sporting honour, followed by Arjuna Award; Ranji Trophy is domestic cricket.