Hindi and English Language Proficiency
This domain tests grammar, vocabulary, comprehension, and error detection in Hindi and English. Hindi questions often cover संधि, समास, मुहावरे, पर्यायवाची, विलोम, and शुद्ध-अशुद्ध वाक्य; English questions cover tenses, subject-verb agreement, articles, prepositions, idioms, voice, and reading comprehension.
Core rules
- Hindi संधि joins two sounds; स्वर संधि includes दीर्घ, गुण, वृद्धि, and यण changes.
- समास identifies the relation between words: तत्पुरुष, द्वंद्व, बहुव्रीहि, कर्मधारय, द्विगु.
- English subject-verb agreement: the verb agrees with the subject, not with a phrase between subject and verb.
- In 'one of + plural noun', the subject is 'one', so the verb is singular.
- Active voice stresses the doer; passive voice stresses the action or receiver.
Worked example
Hindi: विद्या + आलय = विद्यालय. Here आ + आ becomes आ, a दीर्घ संधि. English: 'One of my friends ___ a doctor.' The subject is 'one', so the correct verb is 'is', not 'are'. The reasoning is grammatical agreement, not proximity to the plural noun.
Comprehension approach
Read the passage once for the main idea, then locate the exact line supporting each answer. Do not import outside knowledge. For vocabulary-in-context, substitute each option into the sentence and check tone and grammar.
Traps that cost marks
Matching the verb to the nearest noun rather than the subject; confusing मुहावरा meaning with literal words; applying the wrong संधि label; choosing an idiom option that is grammatically possible but contextually wrong.
Key points
- Identify the real subject before choosing the verb.
- Learn संधि and समास by examples, not labels alone.
- Comprehension answers need textual support.
- Idioms must fit context, not just literal meaning.