Territorial Army Officer cheat sheet

The Constitution of India came into force on 26 January 1950; Dr B. R. Ambedkar chaired the Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly.

Fundamental Rights occupy Part III (Articles 12–35); the Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32) is called the heart and soul of the Constitution by Ambedkar.

The Tropic of Cancer passes through eight Indian states: Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram.

India's coastline is about 7,516 km including island territories; the mainland coast runs roughly 6,100 km.

The United Nations was founded on 24 October 1945; India was a founding member and has served multiple terms as a non-permanent Security Council member.

The Reserve Bank of India was nationalised in 1949 and its Monetary Policy Committee sets the repo rate; CPI inflation targeting band is 4% ± 2%.

Current-affairs items are dated facts: for any appointment, award or summit, verify the year, host country and officeholder before answering.

Nobel Prizes are announced in October; the Bharat Ratna and Padma awards are announced around Republic Day.

A sentence needs a subject and a finite verb; a fragment lacking either is not a complete sentence in error-spotting questions.

Subject-verb agreement: a subject joined by 'as well as', 'along with' or 'besides' takes a verb agreeing with the first noun only.

'Each', 'every', 'either', 'neither', 'one of' take a singular verb; 'none of' and 'a number of' commonly take a plural verb.

Use the past perfect (had + past participle) for the earlier of two past actions; simple past for the later one.

Idiomatic prepositions to memorise: 'comply with', 'averse to', 'capable of', 'deprived of', 'insist on', 'superior to'.

In cloze and synonym items, test the word in the sentence's grammatical slot first, then check connotation (positive, neutral, negative).

For para-jumbles, find the opening sentence (introduces the topic, no pronouns or connectors) and track pronoun and connector chains.

Reading comprehension answers must be traceable to the passage; an option that is true in general but absent from the passage is wrong.

Coding-decoding: convert letters to positions (A=1 … Z=26) and test shift, reversal and interleaving patterns separately.

Blood relations: draw a small family tree; use '+' for male and '−' for female, horizontal lines for siblings and vertical for parent-child.

Direction sense: plot each move on axes; a right turn from north is east, and displacement uses Pythagoras on net north and east components.

Series completion: check differences, then ratios, then alternating or prime-based patterns before assuming a single rule.

Syllogism: a conclusion follows only if it is true in every possible Venn diagram of the premises; 'some' statements are reversible, 'all' are not.

Odd-one-out and analogy items usually turn on category, function or degree; name the relationship in words before choosing.

Seating arrangement: fix the certain positions first, then apply negative constraints; circular arrangements have (n−1)! distinct orders.

Statement-assumption and cause-effect questions: reject options that restate the statement or that require outside knowledge.

Speed, time, distance: distance = speed × time; to convert km/h to m/s multiply by 5/18.

Average speed over equal distances is the harmonic mean: 2xy/(x+y), not the arithmetic mean.

Simple interest = P×R×T/100; compound interest = P(1+R/100)^T − P, compounded annually.

Profit and loss percentages are computed on cost price unless the question states otherwise; successive discounts of a% and b% give a net factor (1−a/100)(1−b/100).

Work: if A finishes in x days and B in y days, together they take xy/(x+y) days.

Mensuration: area of circle = πr², circumference = 2πr; volume of cylinder = πr²h, of sphere = (4/3)πr³.

Ratio and mixture: alligation gives the ratio of quantities as the cross-difference of the two prices around the mean price.

Probability of an event = favourable outcomes / total equally likely outcomes; P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) − P(A and B).

The Indian Army is commanded by the Chief of the Army Staff; the President of India is the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces.

The Territorial Army was raised in 1949 under the Territorial Army Act 1948; it is a voluntary, part-time second line of defence.

Ranks ascend: Lieutenant, Captain, Major, Lieutenant Colonel, Colonel, Brigadier, Major General, Lieutenant General, General.

The Indian Military Academy at Dehradun commissions Army officers; the National Defence Academy at Khadakwasla trains all three services.

The Param Vir Chakra is India's highest wartime gallantry award; the Ashoka Chakra is the highest peacetime gallantry award.

Major operations to know: Operation Vijay (Kargil, 1999), Operation Meghdoot (Siachen, 1984), Operation Cactus (Maldives, 1988).

The Indian Navy's sole aircraft carrier in service is INS Vikramaditya; INS Vikrant is the indigenously built carrier.

Defence exercises with partner countries: Yudh Abhyas with the USA, Garuda Shakti with Indonesia, Vajra Prahar with the USA (special forces).

Trait theory holds that leaders share stable personal attributes; behavioural theory instead studies what leaders actually do.

Situational leadership varies directive and supportive behaviour with follower maturity or competence.

Transformational leadership raises followers' motivation through idealised influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individualised consideration.

Transactional leadership exchanges rewards for performance and relies on management-by-exception; it is effective in stable, routine settings.

Servant leadership inverts the pyramid: the leader's primary duty is follower growth, and authority is earned rather than asserted.

Laissez-faire leadership abdicates decision-making; it is appropriate only for highly expert, self-directed teams.

A leader's span of control is the number of subordinates directly supervised; narrow spans deepen hierarchy and slow communication.

Mission command (Auftragstaktik) gives subordinates the intent and lets them choose the method, preserving initiative under friction.

Group norms are informal shared expectations; a violation triggers sanctions ranging from disapproval to exclusion.

Social loafing is reduced when individual contributions are identifiable and task interdependence is high.

Groupthink symptoms include illusion of invulnerability, self-censorship and pressure on dissenters; assigning a devil's advocate counters it.

Tuckman's stages of group development are forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning.

Cohesion rises with shared goals, frequent interaction and similarity; excessive cohesion can suppress dissent.

Conflict styles: avoiding, accommodating, competing, compromising and collaborating; collaborating suits important issues with time available.

Personality: the Big Five traits are openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism.

Conformity to a group's wrong judgement rises with group size up to about four members and with unanimous opposition.

BMI = weight in kg / (height in m)²; a BMI of 18.5–24.9 is classified as normal for adults.

Target heart rate zone for aerobic training is roughly 60–80% of maximum heart rate, where maximum ≈ 220 − age.

The 2.4 km (1.5 mile) run is a standard service fitness test; pacing the first lap faster than average usually worsens total time.

Endurance is built with continuous aerobic work; strength with progressive overload, adding load or volume gradually.

FITT principle: frequency, intensity, time and type define a training prescription.

Rest days and sleep are part of training: adaptation happens during recovery, not during the session itself.

Warm-up raises muscle temperature and reduces injury risk; cool-down aids venous return and limits post-exercise dizziness.

Dehydration of about 2% of body mass measurably reduces endurance performance; fluid intake should match sweat losses.

Normal adult resting blood pressure is about 120/80 mmHg; persistent readings of 140/90 or above indicate hypertension.

Normal resting pulse for adults is 60–100 beats per minute; trained athletes may sit lower at 40–60.

Visual standards for Army entry require specified uncorrected and corrected acuity; colour vision deficiency is disqualifying for many branches.

Common medical rejection grounds include flat foot of specified grade, knock knees, varicocele, hearing loss and active skin disease.

Haemoglobin reference ranges are roughly 13–17 g/dL for men and 12–15 g/dL for women.

Chest X-ray and urine analysis are routine entry screening; albumin or sugar in urine prompts further evaluation.

Dental standards require a minimum number of functionally sound teeth; extensive untreated decay can be a temporary rejection.

Any history of seizure, significant head injury or psychiatric illness must be declared; concealment found later is grounds for discharge.