Tamil Nadu HSE First Year Commerce study plan
Tamil Nadu HSE First Year Commerce · Give each week a clear focus.
8 weeks · About 6 hours per week
Principles of Accounting and Basic Concepts
Define accounting and distinguish it from bookkeeping, listing at least five users of accounting information
Explain and apply the dual aspect, money measurement, business entity and going concern concepts to five short scenarios
Classify accounts into personal, real and nominal and state the debit/credit rule for each with two examples
Write out the accounting equation and solve six problems that supply assets, liabilities and capital in different arrangements
Your checkpoint
A one-page concept sheet plus 15 solved classification and accounting-equation problems, scored by self-check with at least 13 correct
Principles of Accounting and Basic Concepts & Recording of Business Transactions: Journal, Ledger, Trial Balance
Apply the accrual, matching, consistency, conservatism and materiality concepts to decide the correct treatment in eight given situations
Analyse ten transactions using the rules of debit and credit before writing any entry
Record simple and compound journal entries for cash, credit and discount transactions
Post journal entries to the relevant ledger accounts and balance them off
Your checkpoint
A journal book of 30 entries with full ledger postings and closing balances for eight accounts, all internally consistent
Recording of Business Transactions: Journal, Ledger, Trial Balance
Journalise transactions involving trade discount, cash discount, bad debts, returns and drawings
Prepare a ledger with at least six accounts and carry down correct balances
Extract a trial balance from the ledger and identify which errors it will and will not disclose
Diagnose and correct six errors using a suspense account where needed
Your checkpoint
A complete ledger-to-trial-balance set that agrees, plus a written list of six errors classified as errors of principle, omission, commission, compensating or one-sided
Subsidiary Books and Bank Reconciliation Statement
Distinguish the purpose of each subsidiary book and decide which book records a given transaction
Prepare a purchases book, sales book, returns books and a three-column cash book from a transaction list
Post subsidiary book totals and individual items to the ledger and verify the totals tie
Prepare a bank reconciliation statement from a cash book and pass book extract, treating cheques issued but not presented and cheques deposited but not credited
Your checkpoint
A full set of subsidiary books with postings plus one bank reconciliation statement that reconciles to the correct balance, with every adjusting item labelled
Final Accounts of Sole Proprietors
Prepare a trading account and profit and loss account from a trial balance, correctly placing closing stock, carriage and returns
Adjust for outstanding expenses, prepaid expenses, accrued income, depreciation and bad debts before finalising accounts
Prepare a balance sheet in the prescribed format and confirm that total assets equal capital plus liabilities
Compute gross profit ratio, net profit ratio and operating profit from a prepared set of final accounts
Your checkpoint
One complete set of final accounts with six adjustments and a balance sheet that tallies, plus a one-paragraph note explaining the effect of each adjustment
Business Economics and Commercial Organization
Define economics, microeconomics and macroeconomics and classify ten given problems into the correct branch
Explain the law of demand and law of supply and draw the curves, labelling the axes and shift factors
Distinguish the forms of business organisation by ownership, liability and continuity in a comparison table
Describe the functions of a sole proprietorship and a partnership and state two advantages and two limitations of each
Your checkpoint
A comparison chart of sole proprietorship, partnership, joint stock company and cooperative society across at least six criteria, plus four hand-drawn demand and supply diagrams with written explanations
Business Environment, Entrepreneurship and Modern Business Practices
Identify the components of the business environment and give a current Indian example for each component
Define entrepreneurship and list the qualities and functions of an entrepreneur with two illustrative examples
Explain modern business practices such as e-commerce, digital payments, outsourcing and corporate social responsibility
Evaluate how a change in government policy or technology affects a named business, in a short reasoned paragraph
Your checkpoint
A 400-word written answer to one essay-type question on the business environment or entrepreneurship, structured with introduction, points and conclusion
Principles of Accounting and Basic Concepts & Recording of Business Transactions: Journal, Ledger, Trial Balance & Subsidiary Books and Bank Reconciliation Statement & Final Accounts of Sole Proprietors & Business Economics and Commercial Organization & Business Environment, Entrepreneurship and Modern Business Practices
Revise all six domains using the concept sheets and error lists built in earlier weeks
Solve two full-length practice papers under timed conditions without referring to notes
Re-work every question answered wrongly and write the correct rule beside it
Recall definitions and formats for accounting concepts, subsidiary books and final accounts from memory
Your checkpoint
Two completed timed practice papers with a scored error log, showing at least 75 percent accuracy on the accounting domains
Milestones
Week 2: Can journalise and post any transaction using the debit/credit rules without looking at a solved example
Week 4: Trial balance extracted from own ledger agrees, and a bank reconciliation statement prepared without assistance reconciles correctly
Week 6: Final accounts with adjustments tally, and business organisation forms are compared accurately from memory
Week 8: Two timed practice papers completed with 75 percent or higher accuracy and every error logged with the corrected rule