Tamil Nadu HSE First Year Home Science flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Home Science definition

An interdisciplinary field that applies science, arts and social science to family living, covering food and nutrition, textiles, home management, child development and community extension.

Extension education

The process of carrying research-based knowledge from institutions to families and communities through demonstrations, exhibitions, campaigns and audio-visual aids to improve living standards.

Joint family

A family structure in which two or more generations live under one roof, sharing residence, kitchen, property and obligations, with authority usually held by the eldest member.

Role conflict

A situation in which two or more roles held by the same person make incompatible demands on time, energy or attention, making it impossible to satisfy both at once.

Human resources

Non-material resources available to a family, including time, energy, knowledge, skills, attitudes and interest; they are limited and must be managed carefully.

Balanced diet

A diet that supplies all essential nutrients in required amounts and proper proportions from all food groups, meeting the recommended allowances for age, sex and activity.

Kwashiorkor

Protein-energy malnutrition marked by oedema, moon face, fatty liver, poor growth and apathy, caused mainly by protein deficiency, often after weaning.

Marasmus

Severe protein-energy malnutrition caused by prolonged deficiency of both energy and protein, marked by extreme wasting, muscle loss and absence of oedema.

Gelatinization

The process in which starch granules absorb water and swell on heating, thickening the liquid; it is the basis of cooked rice, porridge and sauces.

Pasteurization

Heat treatment of milk at about 63 °C for 30 minutes or 72 °C for 15 seconds followed by rapid cooling, which kills pathogens but does not sterilize the milk.

Class II preservatives

Chemical preservatives permitted only within prescribed maximum limits, such as benzoic acid, sulphur dioxide, nitrates and sorbic acid, used to control microbial growth.

Metanil yellow adulterant

A non-permitted yellow dye sometimes added to turmeric and sweets; detected when a sample with dilute acid gives a pink colour.

Mercerization

A treatment of cotton with strong alkali under tension that increases lustre, strength and dye absorption, producing a smoother and more durable fabric.

Plain weave

The simplest weave in which warp and weft yarns interlace alternately, producing a firm, strong, reversible fabric such as cotton sheeting and muslin.

Burning test

A fibre identification test in which a small sample is burned; smell, flame behaviour and residue distinguish cotton, wool, silk and synthetics.

Cross-ventilation

A ventilation arrangement with air inlets and outlets on opposite or adjacent walls, allowing air to flow through the room and remove heat, moisture and odours.

Work triangle

The relationship among the kitchen's storage, preparation and cooking areas; a compact triangle reduces walking and saves time and energy.

Monochromatic scheme

An interior colour scheme using a single hue in different tints, shades and intensities, producing a restful and unified appearance in a room.

Cephalocaudal principle

The principle that development proceeds from head to foot, so head and upper-body control develops before control of the legs and lower body.

Weaning

The gradual introduction of soft, mashed complementary foods alongside breast milk, usually starting around six months, one new food at a time.

ORAL REHYDRATION SOLUTION

A mixture of water, salt and glucose given to replace fluid and electrolytes lost in diarrhoea; it is the first-line treatment for dehydration.

RICE first aid

Rest, Ice, Compression and Elevation, the standard first-aid steps for a sprain to reduce pain and swelling and limit further injury.

Consumer rights

Under the Consumer Protection Act, 2019, the rights to safety, information, choice, be heard, seek redressal and consumer education.

AGMARK

A certification mark in India for agricultural and allied products that meet prescribed quality standards, helping consumers identify graded produce.

District Commission

The first tier of consumer redressal under the Consumer Protection Act, 2019, hearing complaints where the value of goods or services does not exceed fifty lakh rupees.

Food label ingredient order

Ingredients on a food label must be listed in descending order of weight, so the ingredient present in the largest amount appears first.

Benedict's test

A food test for reducing sugars in which a brick-red precipitate forms on heating the sample with Benedict's reagent.

Controlled variable

A factor kept constant in an experiment so that the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable can be measured fairly.

Vermicomposting

Composting of kitchen and garden waste using earthworms, which convert biodegradable matter into nutrient-rich manure faster than ordinary composting.

ICDS services

Six services delivered through anganwadi centres: supplementary nutrition, immunization, health check-up, referral, pre-school education, and nutrition and health education.

Poshan Abhiyaan

India's National Nutrition Mission, which aims to reduce stunting, undernutrition, anaemia and low birth weight through convergence and behaviour change.

French seam

A seam in which the raw edges are enclosed within a fold, giving a neat finish on both sides; used for sheer and lightweight fabrics.