Child Development and Care
Child Development and Care studies growth, development and the care children need. The exam tests developmental domains and principles, age-linked milestones, play, nutrition, safety and the difference between normal variation and warning signs.
Domains and principles
Development is grouped into physical, motor, cognitive, language, social and emotional domains. It is holistic, sequential and directional, with individual differences. Growth is measurable increase in size; development is change in function and skill. Heredity and environment interact. Play supports physical, language, cognitive and social learning. Breastfeeding, immunisation, responsive care, safe surroundings and adequate nutrition are core care requirements.
Worked example
An 18-month-old speaks no clear words and does not respond to his name. Reasoning: many children have a few words by this age, but no words plus poor response to name warrants a hearing and developmental check. The response is not to label the child; it is to screen, support communication and refer appropriately. Compare with the child's own progress and check for regression.
Traps
Milestones are ranges, not fixed deadlines. Do not compare children of different ages directly. Do not treat language delay as a sign of poor intelligence. Do not recommend harsh discipline; guidance should be age-appropriate and positive.