Tamil Nadu HSE First Year Nutrition and Dietetics study guide
Tamil Nadu HSE First Year Nutrition and Dietetics · Work through your exam, one topic at a time.
The Tamil Nadu HSE First Year Nutrition and Dietetics course is the Class 11 elective offered under the Tamil Nadu State Board Higher Secondary curriculum for students who have chosen the Home Science / Nutrition stream. It introduces the scientific study of food and the human body's use of it: what nutrients are, how the body digests and absorbs them, how energy needs are calculated, and how meals are planned for different age groups and communities. The Tamil Nadu HSE First Year Nutrition and Dietetics study guide has 10 sections and about 3,229 words.
01Introduction to Nutrition and Dietetics: Concepts, Scope and Careers
Nutrition is the science of food, nutrients and their action and balance in relation to health and disease. Dietetics is the applied, person-facing use of that science to plan normal, therapeutic and institutional diets.
314 words, about 2 min02Food and its Functions: Classification, Nutrients and Food Groups
Cereals and millets - energy, some protein, B vitamins, fibre. Pulses and legumes (with nuts and oilseeds) - protein, B vitamins, fibre.
309 words, about 2 min03Carbohydrates, Proteins and Lipids: Sources, Functions and Deficiency
Monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, galactose), disaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose), polysaccharides (starch, glycogen, cellulose). Digestible carbohydrate gives 4 kcal/g .
332 words, about 2 min04Vitamins and Minerals: Sources, Functions and Deficiency Diseases
A (retinol, β-carotene) for vision, epithelium and immunity; deficiency causes night blindness, Bitot's spots, xerophthalmia and keratomalacia. D for calcium absorption; deficiency causes rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults.
340 words, about 2 min05Energy and Energy Balance: Basal Metabolism, Physical Activity and Requirements
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) - energy for involuntary functions measured at rest, awake, after a 12–14 hour fast, in a thermoneutral room. It rises with body size and lean mass, fever, hyperthyroidism, pregnancy and cold stress, and falls with age and starvation.
335 words, about 2 min06Digestion, Absorption and Metabolism of Nutrients
Mouth - salivary amylase digests starch to maltose; lingual lipase acts minimally; chewing increases surface area. Stomach - hydrochloric acid denatures protein and activates pepsinogen to pepsin; churning forms chyme; rennin acts on milk in infants.
311 words, about 2 min07Meal Planning and Balanced Diet: Dietary Guidelines and Food Exchange Lists
A balanced diet supplies energy and all nutrients in the amounts required for a person's age, sex, activity and physiological state, with enough variety for palatability and fibre. The working checklist is adequacy, balance, calorie control, moderation and variety .
342 words, about 2 min08Nutritional Needs Across the Life Cycle
Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months, starting within an hour of birth; colostrum is the first milk, rich in immunoglobulin A, and must not be discarded. Complementary feeding begins at 180 days while breastfeeding continues to two years.
341 words, about 2 min09Food Safety, Hygiene and Preservation
Food hazards are biological (bacteria, viruses, parasites, moulds), chemical (pesticide residues, aflatoxins, heavy metals, cleaning agents) and physical (glass, stones, hair). A food-borne infection results from eating live organisms; a food intoxication results from a toxin already formed in the food, as with Staphylococcus aureus , Clostridium botulinum and Bacillus cereus .
308 words, about 2 min10Nutritional Problems and Community Nutrition: Malnutrition and Intervention Programmes
Undernutrition is assessed by anthropometric indices: weight-for-age (underweight), height-for-age (stunting, chronic), weight-for-height (wasting, acute), plus mid-upper arm circumference and bilateral pedal oedema for severe acute malnutrition. Overnutrition - obesity and diet-related chronic disease - coexists in the same communities, the double burden .
297 words, about 1 min