Tamil Nadu HSE Second Year Chemistry study plan

Classify and name haloalkanes and haloarenes using IUPAC rules, writing names and structures for 20 examples from memory

Write out the SN1 and SN2 mechanisms with curly-arrow steps for two substrates each, stating stereochemical outcome

Distinguish aryl vs alkyl halide reactivity toward nucleophilic substitution and explain the inertness of chlorobenzene

List the key named reactions (Sandmeyer, Finkelstein, Swarts, Wurtz, Williamson) with one equation each, written from recall

Map the biomolecule syllabus into a one-page index: carbohydrates, proteins, enzymes, vitamins, nucleic acids, and hormones

Draw open-chain and cyclic (Haworth) structures of glucose and fructose and label anomeric carbon and glycosidic linkage

Differentiate reducing and non-reducing sugars and justify sucrose's behaviour with a hydrolysis argument

Classify the 20 standard amino acids by side chain and identify essential versus non-essential ones

Describe primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary protein structure and explain denaturation with one example

Distinguish DNA and RNA in composition, sugar, and base pairing, and sketch a nucleotide

State the biological role and deficiency disease of vitamins A, B1, B12, C, D, and K

Explain enzyme action with lock-and-key and induced-fit models and the effect of temperature and pH on activity

Write the general electronic configuration of groups 13-18 and predict oxidation states for one element per group

Explain the anomalous behaviour of nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine with two reasons each

Compare the acidic strength of oxoacids of P, S, and Cl using structure-based reasoning

Describe the industrial preparation of ammonia (Haber) and sulfuric acid (contact) with conditions and equations

Explain the reactions of chlorine with cold dilute and hot concentrated alkali

Sequence the metallurgical steps from ore to pure metal and classify ores by formula (oxide, sulfide, carbonate, halide)

Apply the principles of roasting, calcination, and reduction to specific ores

Explain froth flotation and magnetic separation with the physical principle behind each

Explain the thermodynamic and kinetic basis of Ellingham diagram selection of reducing agents

Describe the extraction of aluminium and iron with cell/ furnace diagrams drawn from memory and balanced equations

Explain zone refining, vapour phase refining, and Mond's process with the chemistry of each

Define transition element and justify the characteristic properties from partially filled d orbitals

Work out electronic configurations of first-row transition elements and their common ions, including exceptions in Cr and Cu

Explain colour, paramagnetism, and catalytic activity of transition elements using d-d transitions and unpaired electrons

Compare lanthanoid contraction causes and consequences and state two uses of lanthanoids and actinoids

Apply IUPAC nomenclature to coordination compounds and write formulas from names for 15 complexes

Apply Werner's theory and EAN rule to explain bonding in given complexes

Predict geometry, hybridisation, and magnetic behaviour using valence bond theory for octahedral and tetrahedral examples

Explain crystal field splitting in octahedral and tetrahedral fields and compute CFSE for high-spin and low-spin d4-d7 cases

Distinguish primary and secondary valence and explain isomerism types with one example each

Calculate packing efficiency and density for simple cubic, bcc, and fcc unit cells

Classify solids and identify the type of defect from a given description (Schottky, Frenkel, metal excess, metal deficiency)

State and apply the first law to compute work, heat, and internal energy change for ideal gas processes

Distinguish enthalpy and internal energy and derive the relation for reactions involving gases

Apply Hess's law and calculate reaction enthalpy from bond enthalpies and formation enthalpies

State the second law, define entropy, and compute entropy change for phase transitions

Apply Gibbs free energy to predict spontaneity and derive the temperature of equilibrium from delta H and delta S

Derive the integrated rate law for zero and first order and solve half-life problems

Apply the Arrhenius equation to compute activation energy from two rate constants

Distinguish order and molecularity and explain the effect of temperature and catalyst on rate

Apply Ostwald dilution law and compute degree of dissociation for weak acids and bases

Calculate pH of strong and weak acid, base, and buffer solutions, and derive the Henderson-Hasselbalch relation

Explain common ion effect and its use in salt analysis and buffer action

Compute solubility product and predict precipitation from ion concentrations

Explain Kohlrausch's law and compute molar conductivity at infinite dilution for a weak electrolyte

Apply the Nernst equation to compute cell potential and relate EMF to Gibbs free energy and equilibrium constant

Distinguish electrolytic and galvanic cells and describe the working of the lead-acid accumulator and a fuel cell

Explain corrosion as an electrochemical process and state two prevention methods

Distinguish physisorption and chemisorption and explain the Freundlich isotherm with a graph you draw

Explain the Langmuir adsorption concept, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, and enzyme catalysis as a surface phenomenon

Describe colloids, classify them, and explain Tyndall effect, Brownian motion, and coagulation with one example each

Explain emulsion types and the role of emulsifiers

Review the biomolecule and p-block error logs and re-solve every previously wrong question

Complete two full-length mock papers under exam timing and analyse the score by domain

Build a final one-page formula and fact sheet covering the seven highest-weight domains