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Tamil Nadu HSE Second Year Computer Applications study materials
Tamil Nadu HSE Second Year Computer Applications study resources

Tamil Nadu HSE Second Year Computer Applications: Emerging Technologies and Cyber Safety

Tamil Nadu HSE Second Year Computer Applications · Work through your exam, one topic at a time.

All guide sections

Emerging Technologies and Cyber Safety

What this domain tests

This domain tests current-technology literacy and safe online behaviour. Expect questions that classify cloud services, identify IoT and AI applications, distinguish e-commerce models, and recognise cyber threats and protections.

Core rules

  • Cloud service models: IaaS supplies virtual machines and storage; PaaS supplies a development platform; SaaS supplies ready-to-use software. Deployment models include public, private, and hybrid clouds.
  • IoT connects physical devices with sensors and actuators to networks, enabling remote monitoring and automation.
  • AI is the broad field of machines performing tasks that need intelligence; machine learning is a subset that learns patterns from data.
  • E-commerce models: B2B (business to business), B2C (business to consumer), C2C (consumer to consumer through a marketplace), and B2G (business to government).
  • Cyber threats: phishing (deceptive messages that steal credentials), malware (virus, worm, trojan, ransomware), DoS attacks, and identity theft.
  • Safeguards: strong unique passwords, two-factor authentication, updates, antivirus, firewalls, encryption, HTTPS, and avoiding sensitive transactions on public Wi-Fi.
  • In India, cybercrime can be reported at cybercrime.gov.in or by calling 1930. The IT Act, 2000 provides the legal framework.

Worked example

A school uses Gmail for email, Google Docs for shared documents, and a cloud virtual machine to host its website. Gmail and Google Docs are SaaS because the software is ready to use. The virtual machine is IaaS because the school manages the operating system and applications. If the school used a cloud platform to build and deploy its own app without managing servers, that would be PaaS.

Traps

  • Calling all cloud services SaaS; infrastructure and platform services are different.
  • Treating AI and machine learning as synonyms.
  • Confusing phishing with spam; phishing impersonates a trusted party to steal data.
  • Confusing a virus (needs a host) with a worm (self-replicating).
  • Believing HTTPS makes a fraudulent site trustworthy.