UKSSSC AAO flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Uttarakhand statehood date

Uttarakhand became India's 27th state on 9 November 2000, formed from the hill districts of Uttar Pradesh. Its winter capital is Dehradun and summer capital is Gairsain.

Devprayag confluence

At Devprayag in Tehri Garhwal the Alaknanda and Bhagirathi rivers meet, and from that point the combined river is called the Ganga. It is the last of the five Prayags downstream.

Chipko movement 1973

A forest-protection movement that began in Mandal village, Chamoli district, where villagers hugged trees to stop felling. Sunderlal Bahuguna, Chandi Prasad Bhatt and Gaura Devi were key leaders.

Corbett National Park

Established in 1936 as Hailey National Park in Nainital district, it is India's oldest national park. It was renamed after Jim Corbett and forms part of Project Tiger, launched in 1973.

Nanda Devi peak

Nanda Devi, at 7,816 metres in Chamoli district, is the highest mountain entirely within India. The surrounding Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve and Valley of Flowers are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

Accounting equation

Assets equal Liabilities plus Capital. Each transaction changes at least two elements while keeping the equation balanced; profit increases capital and drawings reduce it.

Golden rules of accounting

Personal accounts: debit the receiver, credit the giver. Real accounts: debit what comes in, credit what goes out. Nominal accounts: debit expenses and losses, credit incomes and gains.

Straight line depreciation formula

Annual depreciation equals original cost minus estimated scrap value, divided by useful life in years. The same amount is charged every year, so book value falls linearly to scrap value.

Gross profit formula

Gross profit equals net sales minus cost of goods sold, where cost of goods sold is opening stock plus purchases plus direct expenses minus closing stock. It is computed in the Trading Account.

Suspense account use

When a trial balance does not agree, the difference is temporarily placed in a Suspense Account. One-sided errors are corrected through it; two-sided errors need a journal entry instead.

Errors not affecting trial balance

Errors of principle, complete omission of a transaction, compensating errors and wrong narration keep debit and credit totals equal, so the trial balance still agrees despite the mistake.

Bank reconciliation statement

A statement reconciling the cash book bank balance with the pass book balance, explaining differences such as cheques issued but not presented, deposits not yet credited, and bank charges or interest.

Partnership interest on loan

In the absence of a partnership deed, a partner's loan to the firm earns interest at 6% per annum, profits are shared equally, and no interest on capital or drawings is allowed.

Qualified audit opinion

Issued when the auditor finds a misstatement or limitation that is material but not pervasive to the financial statements. The opinion paragraph states the qualification and its effects clearly.

Adverse audit opinion

Expressed when misstatements are both material and pervasive, so the financial statements as a whole are not fairly presented. It is the strongest negative opinion an auditor can give.

Disclaimer of opinion

Given when the auditor cannot obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence and the possible effects are material and pervasive. The auditor then declines to express an opinion on the statements.

SA 240 auditor duties

This standard covers the auditor's responsibilities relating to fraud. The auditor must identify and assess fraud risks, design procedures in response, and report identified or suspected fraud appropriately.

Vouching versus verification

Vouching examines the authenticity of recorded transactions by comparing entries with supporting documents. Verification confirms the existence, ownership, valuation and disclosure of assets and liabilities at the balance sheet date.

Auditor rotation Section 139

Under the Companies Act 2013, auditors of listed companies and certain large companies must rotate after two consecutive terms of five years, with a cooling-off period of five years.

Going concern assumption

A fundamental accounting assumption that the entity will continue operating in the foreseeable future without liquidation or major curtailment. SA 570 requires the auditor to assess this assumption.

Materiality in audit

Information is material if its omission or misstatement could influence economic decisions of users. SA 320 requires the auditor to determine materiality levels when planning and performing the audit.

संधि के भेद

स्वर संधि के पाँच भेद हैं - दीर्घ, गुण, वृद्धि, यण और अयादि। जैसे विद्या + आलय = विद्यालय दीर्घ संधि है, और देव + इंद्र = देवेंद्र गुण संधि।

बहुव्रीहि समास

जिस समास में दोनों पद मिलकर किसी तीसरे अर्थ का बोध कराते हैं और न कोई पद प्रधान होता है। जैसे दशानन - दस हैं आनन जिसके, अर्थात् रावण।

अनुप्रास अलंकार

जब एक ही वर्ण की आवृत्ति एक से अधिक बार होती है, तो अनुप्रास अलंकार होता है। जैसे 'चारु चंद्र की चंचल किरणें' में 'च' वर्ण की आवृत्ति है।

दोहा छंद

दोहे में दो पंक्तियाँ होती हैं, प्रत्येक में दो चरण। पहले और तीसरे चरण में 13 मात्राएँ तथा दूसरे और चौथे चरण में 11 मात्राएँ होती हैं।

Subject-verb agreement rule

A singular subject takes a singular verb. 'One of the boys is here', 'Neither of them is ready', but 'A number of students are present' because the subject is plural.

Affect versus effect

'Affect' is usually a verb meaning to influence, as in 'rain affected the match'. 'Effect' is usually a noun meaning result, as in 'the effect of rain'.

Idiom: beat about the bush

To avoid coming to the main point and talk around the subject instead. Example: 'Stop beating about the bush and tell me the actual reason for your absence.'

CI minus SI difference

For two years at rate R, compound interest minus simple interest equals P multiplied by (R/100) squared, where P is the principal. This shortcut is common in objective arithmetic questions.

Successive discount formula

Two successive discounts of a% and b% equal a single discount of a + b - ab/100 percent. Discount is always computed on the marked price, not on the cost price.

Clock angle formula

The angle between the hour and minute hands equals the absolute value of 30H minus 5.5M degrees, where H is the hour and M the minutes. Use the smaller angle if it exceeds 180.

HCF and LCM relation

For any two positive integers, HCF multiplied by LCM equals the product of the two numbers. This relation lets you find one value when the other three are known.