UPMSP High School Agriculture flashcards
UPMSP High School Agriculture · Build recall with a focused review session.
33 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Agriculture
- The science and art of cultivating soil, growing crops, and raising livestock for food, fibre, fuel, and income, including crop production, horticulture, and animal husbandry.
- Cropping intensity
- Gross cropped area divided by net sown area, multiplied by 100. A value above 100 means the same land produces more than one crop in a year.
- Khadar soil
- Newer alluvial soil deposited by rivers on floodplains. It is sandy to loamy, low in lime, and generally more fertile than the older upland bhangar soil.
- Soil profile
- A vertical section of soil from surface to bedrock, showing horizons O, A, E, B, C, and R, each differing in organic matter, colour, texture, and mineral content.
- Rabi season
- The winter cropping season, sown from October to November and harvested from March to April. Wheat, mustard, gram, and pea are typical rabi crops in Uttar Pradesh.
- Biological nitrogen fixation
- Conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into plant-usable ammonia by Rhizobium bacteria in root nodules of legumes such as gram, pea, and lentil, enriching soil fertility naturally.
- Dashehri mango
- A premium mango variety famous in the Malihabad and Lucknow belts of Uttar Pradesh, known for its sweet, fibreless pulp and late-season ripening.
- Drip irrigation
- A method delivering water slowly and directly to the root zone through emitters and pipes, saving 40 to 60 percent water and suited to orchards and vegetables.
- Economic threshold level
- The pest population density at which control measures should begin to prevent the pest from reaching damaging levels and causing economic loss.
- Integrated Pest Management
- A combined strategy using cultural, mechanical, biological, and chemical methods, applying pesticides only when pest numbers cross the economic threshold level.
- Seed drill
- A sowing implement that places seed at uniform depth and row spacing in furrows, covering it afterwards, thereby saving seed and labour compared with broadcasting.
- Farmyard manure
- Decomposed mixture of cattle dung, urine, and bedding used as organic manure. It supplies nutrients slowly and improves soil structure, water holding, and microbial activity.
- Urea
- The most concentrated solid nitrogenous fertiliser, containing about 46 percent nitrogen. It is applied in split doses to reduce leaching and volatilisation losses.
- Murrah buffalo
- A leading Indian buffalo breed from Haryana and Punjab, known for high milk yield and fat content, and widely reared in Uttar Pradesh for dairy production.
- Minimum Support Price
- A price announced by the government before sowing to assure farmers of a minimum return and protect them from sharp market price falls.
- Extension education
- A process of transferring scientific agricultural knowledge from research institutions to farmers through demonstrations, training, field days, and mass media.
- Certified seed
- Seed produced under a seed certification programme, tested for germination, purity, and freedom from disease, and sold with an official certification tag.
- Green manuring
- Growing a leguminous crop such as dhaincha or sunhemp and ploughing it into the soil while green to add organic matter and nitrogen.
- Crop rotation
- Growing different crops in sequence on the same field to maintain soil fertility, break pest and disease cycles, and reduce weed pressure.
- Sugarcane sett
- A stem cutting with two or three buds used for planting sugarcane. Setts are planted in furrows and treated against fungal disease before planting.
- Vermicompost
- Organic manure produced by earthworms decomposing plant and animal waste, rich in humus, plant nutrients, and beneficial microorganisms that improve soil health.
- Pan evaporation
- Water lost from an open evaporation pan, used to estimate crop water requirement and schedule irrigation intervals in the field.
- Waterlogging
- Saturation of soil with water that excludes air from pore spaces, harming roots. It is corrected by drainage channels, raised beds, and deep ploughing.
- Mastitis
- Inflammation of the udder in dairy animals, usually caused by bacterial infection, reducing milk yield and quality; prevented by hygiene and clean milking.
- Ranikhet disease
- A highly contagious viral disease of poultry affecting the respiratory and nervous systems, prevented by routine vaccination of chicks and adult birds.
- Mouldboard plough
- A primary tillage implement that cuts, lifts, and inverts the soil slice, burying weeds and stubble and preparing land for seedbed formation.
- Khurpi
- A small hand trowel with a broad blade used for weeding, transplanting seedlings, and light soil loosening in gardens and small fields.
- Phalaris minor
- A major grassy weed of wheat that resembles the crop in early stages and competes strongly for nutrients and water; controlled by rotation and selective herbicides.
- Cost of cultivation
- The total expenditure incurred in producing a crop, including seed, fertiliser, labour, irrigation, and machinery, used to compute farm profit per hectare.
- e-NAM
- An electronic national agricultural market platform connecting regulated mandis online, enabling farmers to sell produce to buyers across states transparently.
- Seed treatment
- Coating seed with fungicides or bio-agents such as Trichoderma and Rhizobium before sowing to control seed-borne disease and improve germination.
- Farm diary
- A daily record of farm operations, weather, input use, pest incidence, and observations, used for planning and comparing practices across seasons.
- Air layering
- A propagation method in which a stem is girdled and wrapped with moist material to induce roots before separation; commonly used for guava and litchi.