UPMSP Intermediate Agricultural Chemistry study guide
UPMSP Intermediate Agricultural Chemistry · Work through your exam, one topic at a time.
UPMSP Intermediate Agricultural Chemistry (Krishi Rasayan Vigyan) is a Class 12 elective subject examination offered under the Uttar Pradesh Madhyamik Shiksha Parishad (UP Board) intermediate curriculum. It is intended for students who have chosen the agriculture stream and who want a science-based grounding in how soils, nutrients, fertilizers and agro-chemicals actually behave, rather than a purely descriptive agriculture course. The UPMSP Intermediate Agricultural Chemistry study guide has 8 sections and about 2,555 words.
01Introduction to Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Fertility
Agricultural chemistry applies chemical principles to soils, plants, fertilizers, pesticides and the environment. The Intermediate syllabus tests whether you can connect chemistry (ions, pH, solubility, oxidation–reduction) with field decisions such as how much urea to apply or why a soil is unproductive.
339 words, about 2 min02Plant Nutrients and Nutrient Management
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen come from air and water. The remaining fourteen are absorbed from soil: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulphur (macronutrients, needed in larger amounts) and iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron, molybdenum, chlorine and nickel (micronutrients).
353 words, about 2 min03Fertilizers and Manures
Straight fertilizers supply one nutrient (urea 46-0-0; SSP 0-16-0 plus 11% S and 19% Ca; MOP 0-0-60). Complex fertilizers contain two or more nutrients combined chemically with a defined grade (DAP 18-46-0; 10-26-26).
298 words, about 1 min04Soil Chemistry and Soil Reaction
Clay minerals and humus carry negative charges on their surfaces and hold cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, NH4+, H+, Al3+) in exchangeable form. This is cation exchange capacity (CEC), expressed in cmol(+)/kg (numerically equal to meq/100 g).
320 words, about 2 min05Pesticides and Agro-chemicals
By target: insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, nematicides, rodenticides, acaricides. By chemistry: organochlorines (DDT, endosulfan - persistent, mostly banned or restricted), organophosphates (malathion, chlorpyrifos - cholinesterase inhibitors), carbamates (carbaryl), pyrethroids (cypermethrin), neonicotinoids (imidacloprid - act on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors).
290 words, about 1 min06Agricultural Chemistry Practical and Laboratory Techniques
Collect soil from 0–15 cm depth in cultivated fields at 10–15 random spots in a zigzag pattern, mix, quarter to about 500 g, air-dry in shade, grind and sieve through 2 mm; use 0.2 mm (60-mesh) for organic carbon. The sample must represent the field, so avoid bunds, marshy spots and recently fertilized patches.
339 words, about 2 min07Environmental Chemistry and Soil Pollution
Soil pollution is the accumulation of substances in soil beyond its capacity to assimilate them, causing harm to plants, animals or humans. Sources include industrial effluents, sewage sludge, mining spoil, atmospheric deposition, plastics and agrochemicals.
306 words, about 2 min08Organic Farming and Sustainable Agriculture
Organic farming is a production system that avoids synthetic fertilizers, synthetic pesticides and genetically modified organisms, and relies on organic manures, crop rotation, green manuring, biological nitrogen fixation and biological pest control. IFOAM's principles are health, ecology, fairness and care.
310 words, about 2 min