UPMSP Nursery Teacher Training & Child Care flashcards
UPMSP Nursery Teacher Training & Child Care · Build recall with a focused review session.
31 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Cephalocaudal development
- The principle that motor control develops from head to foot, so infants gain head control before trunk control and walking appears last.
- Object permanence
- The understanding that objects continue to exist when out of sight, emerging in Piaget's sensorimotor stage around eight to nine months.
- Proximodistal development
- The principle that development proceeds from the centre of the body outward, so shoulder and arm control precedes fine finger control.
- Froebel's gifts and occupations
- Sequenced play materials such as yarn balls, wooden solids and sticks (gifts), plus folding, weaving and clay work (occupations) in Froebel's kindergarten.
- Montessori prepared environment
- A carefully ordered classroom with child-sized furniture and self-correcting didactic materials that lets children learn independently during sensitive periods.
- Learning by doing
- Dewey's principle that children construct understanding through active, hands-on experience and purposeful activity rather than passive reception of information.
- Separation anxiety
- Distress shown when separated from a primary caregiver, peaking around eight to eighteen months and often recurring when a child starts nursery.
- Toilet training readiness signs
- Readiness includes staying dry about two hours, discomfort with soiled nappies, interest in the toilet, and ability to follow simple directions.
- Choking hazard rule
- For children under three, remove objects and foods small or hard enough to block the airway, including whole nuts and hard raw vegetables.
- ORS with zinc
- Oral rehydration salts combined with zinc supplementation is the standard treatment for childhood diarrhoea, alongside continued feeding.
- Mid-upper arm circumference
- A rapid field measure of nutritional status; a low MUAC reading in a young child indicates acute malnutrition requiring referral.
- Iron deficiency anaemia
- A common nutritional disorder in young children causing fatigue, pallor and poor attention, prevented by iron-rich foods and appropriate supplementation.
- Integrated thematic planning
- Organising one theme across several curriculum areas, such as threading farm animals through language, counting, art and outdoor play.
- Behavioural objective
- A lesson objective stated with an observable action the child performs, such as sorting three shapes, so achievement can be evaluated.
- Circle time
- A short whole-group session for greetings, songs, sharing and discussion that builds attention, listening and a sense of community.
- Phonological awareness progression
- Awareness develops from words to syllables to rhyme to alliteration to onset-rime, with individual phoneme awareness typically emerging last.
- Invented spelling
- Children's early attempts to write words using the letter sounds they hear, marking a developmental stage that should be encouraged, not harshly corrected.
- Dialogic reading
- An interactive shared-reading approach using questions, expansions and repetition so the child becomes the storyteller rather than a passive listener.
- Cardinality principle
- The understanding that the last number spoken when counting a set names the total quantity of that set.
- Subitising
- The instant recognition of small quantities without counting, first for one to three objects and later for four or five.
- One-to-one correspondence
- Matching each object in one set to exactly one object in another, a foundational pre-number skill supporting later counting and comparison.
- Parten's play stages
- A sequence of social play from solitary to onlooker, parallel, associative and cooperative, with cooperative play typically appearing around four to five years.
- Dramatic play
- Symbolic role play in which children pretend to be others or use objects as representations, supporting language, self-regulation and social understanding.
- Open-ended materials
- Resources such as clay, paint, blocks and sand that can be used many ways, fostering more creativity than single-outcome craft activities.
- Positive guidance
- Proactive direction that teaches self-regulation through clear limits, modelling, choices, redirection and logical consequences rather than punishment.
- Goodness of fit
- The match between a child's temperament and the demands of the environment, which predicts adjustment better than temperament alone.
- Secure attachment
- An attachment pattern in which the child uses the caregiver as a safe base, developing from consistent and sensitive caregiving.
- Cumulative record card
- A running individual file documenting a child's health, attendance, development and observations across their time in the nursery.
- Staff-child ratio
- The number of adults relative to children in a setting, a key quality and licensing standard affecting supervision and individual attention.
- Zone of proximal development
- Vygotsky's term for the gap between what a child can do alone and what they can do with skilled adult or peer support.
- Universal design for learning
- Planning multiple means of representation, expression and engagement so that activities are accessible to all children from the start.