UPMSP Vocational Seed Production Technology flashcards
UPMSP Vocational Seed Production Technology · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Germination definition
- Emergence of the radicle through the seed coat under favourable conditions; it requires a viable embryo, water, oxygen and suitable temperature, and marks the start of seedling growth.
- Seed vigour
- The potential of a seed lot for rapid, uniform seedling emergence under a wide range of field conditions; tested by accelerated ageing, cold test and electrical conductivity, and is distinct from viability.
- Seed dormancy
- A state in which viable seed fails to germinate despite favourable conditions; caused by hard seed coats, immature embryos or hormone balance, and broken by scarification, stratification or after-ripening.
- Genetic purity
- The degree to which a seed lot is true to the variety, free of off-types and admixtures; it is protected by isolation, rogueing and use of approved source seed, and cannot be improved after harvest.
- Seed classes chain
- The multiplication sequence breeder (nucleus) seed to foundation seed to certified seed; each step multiplies quantity while applying prescribed field and seed standards, with generation limits to limit genetic drift.
- Foundation seed
- Seed produced from breeder seed under technical supervision of a designated agency; it is the parent material for certified seed and must meet stricter field and laboratory standards than certified seed.
- Varietal maintenance breeding
- Systematic retention of a variety's genetic identity through controlled selfing or sib-mating, removal of off-types and periodic renewal of breeder seed from the breeder's original nucleus stock.
- A, B and R lines
- In cytoplasmic male sterility hybrid systems, the A line is male sterile, the B line maintains it, and the R line restores fertility; A × R gives commercial hybrid seed and A × B maintains the A line.
- Isolation distance
- The minimum separation required between a seed crop and any other variety of the same crop in flower; it prevents cross-pollination and varies by crop, pollinating agent and seed class.
- Roguing
- Removal and destruction of off-type plants, diseased plants and same-species weeds from a seed field before flowering; done at least at vegetative and flowering stages and recorded for inspection.
- Field history requirement
- Land used for seed production must be free of the same crop and its volunteers for a prescribed preceding period, usually one to three seasons, to prevent contamination from self-sown seed.
- Barrier isolation
- Use of tall border rows, net houses or physical screens to block pollen movement between a seed crop and other varieties, applied where spatial distance alone is impractical or costly.
- Maize detasseling
- Removal of tassels from the female parent in hybrid maize seed production before pollen shed; done early each morning and repeated until no tassels remain, to prevent self-pollination.
- Rice seed field care
- Rice is self-pollinated with small isolation needs; fields must be free of red rice and wild rice, and paddy dried to about 12–13% moisture for safe storage.
- Brassica seed production
- Cabbage, cauliflower and radish are cross-pollinated with self-incompatibility, so they need long isolation distances and synchronised flowering of parental lines for hybrid seed set.
- Staggered sowing
- Adjusting sowing dates of parental lines so their flowering periods overlap in hybrid seed production; essential where lines differ in duration and pollen must be available when the female is receptive.
- Seed moisture formula
- Moisture % on a wet-weight basis = [(wet weight minus dry weight) divided by wet weight] × 100; the oven method at prescribed temperature and time is the reference standard.
- Safe storage moisture
- Cereals store safely at about 12–13% moisture and oilseeds and pulses at about 8–10%; each 1% reduction in moisture and each 5 °C fall in temperature extends storage life.
- Seed processing sequence
- Receiving and lot numbering, pre-cleaning, drying, air-screen cleaning and grading, treatment, weighing and bagging, labelling, then storage; lot identity is maintained at every step.
- Seed treatment
- Application of fungicides, insecticides or bio-agents such as Trichoderma and Rhizobium to seed as slurry or powder to control seed-borne pathogens and soil pests; treated seed must be labelled.
- Purity analysis
- Separation of a working sample into pure seed, other crop seed, weed seed and inert matter; purity % = pure seed weight divided by total sample weight × 100, and it feeds the pure live seed calculation.
- Tetrazolium test
- A quick viability test in which living embryos reduce tetrazolium salt and stain red; used for dormant seeds, slow germinators and rapid quality checks before sale.
- Pure live seed
- PLS % = (purity % × germination %) divided by 100; seed rate is divided by PLS to compensate for inert matter and dead seed and achieve the target plant population.
- Accelerated ageing test
- A vigour test in which seed is exposed to high temperature and humidity for a set period before germination testing; lots that retain germination under stress are rated high vigour.
- Certification tag
- The official label issued after field inspection, sampling and laboratory testing confirm a seed lot meets prescribed standards; its presence distinguishes certified seed from truthfully labelled seed.
- Seeds Act 1966
- Indian legislation with the Seeds Rules 1968 that provides for quality control, notification of varieties, certification and regulation of seed sale; state agencies implement certification.
- Truthfully labelled seed
- Seed sold on the producer's own declaration of quality without formal certification or certification tag; the producer is responsible for the accuracy of the stated germination and purity.
- Phytosanitary certificate
- An official document certifying that a seed consignment has been inspected and is considered free from quarantine pests, required for import and export under plant quarantine law.
- Break-even point
- The output or price at which total revenue equals total cost, computed as fixed costs divided by (price per unit minus variable cost per unit); used to judge whether a seed crop is viable.
- Seed enterprise cost
- Total cost per quintal of seed includes land preparation, seed, fertiliser, plant protection, labour, irrigation, harvest, processing, testing, certification fees, storage and transport; margin is sale price minus this total.
- Phosphine fumigation safety
- Aluminium phosphide fumigation requires gas-proof enclosures, trained operators, warning signs and exclusion of people; the gas is highly toxic, so never fumigate occupied or poorly sealed spaces.
- Seed business records
- Field diary, source-seed invoices, inspection reports, processing and testing records and sales registers; they support certification audits, credit applications and resolution of quality disputes.