UPRVUNL AE cheat sheet

Electrical: Ohm's law V = IR; power P = VI = I²R = V²/R; three-phase power P = √3·V_L·I_L·cos φ.

Electrical: synchronous speed N_s = 120f/P; slip s = (N_s − N_r)/N_s; transformer EMF E = 4.44·f·N·Φ_max.

Mechanical: first law for steady flow: Q − W = Δh + ΔKE + ΔPE; Carnot efficiency η = 1 − T_L/T_H (absolute temperatures).

Mechanical: thermal stress σ = α·E·ΔT (fully constrained); hoop stress in thin cylinder σ = pd/2t, longitudinal = pd/4t.

Electronics: BJT in active region needs base-emitter forward, base-collector reverse; β = I_C/I_B, α = β/(1+β).

Electronics: ideal op-amp rules - no input current, V+ = V− with negative feedback; inverting gain = −R_f/R_in, non-inverting = 1 + R_f/R_in.

Civil: simply supported beam UDL - max BM = wL²/8 at midspan, max shear = wL/2 at supports; cantilever point load at free end BM = −WL.

Instrumentation: Wheatstone bridge balances when R1/R2 = R3/R4; strain gauge factor GF = (ΔR/R)/ε; thermocouple follows Seebeck effect.

UPRVUNL is a UP state generating utility; its main thermal stations include Anpara, Obra, Harduaganj and Parichha; HQ at Lucknow.

Constitutional articles: 14 equality before law, 19 six freedoms, 21 life and personal liberty, 32 writs to Supreme Court, 44 uniform civil code directive.

Fundamental Rights are Part III (Articles 12–35); Directive Principles Part IV (36–51); Fundamental Duties Article 51A, added by 42nd Amendment 1976.

Indian power sector: Electricity Act 2003; CERC regulates inter-state, SERC intra-state; NTPC, NHPC, PowerGrid are central PSUs.

National symbols: national bird Indian peafowl, national aquatic animal Ganges river dolphin, national heritage animal Indian elephant.

Key dates: Jallianwala Bagh 1919, Dandi March 1930, Quit India 1942, Independence 15 August 1947, Constitution in force 26 January 1950.

Space and defence: ISRO HQ Bengaluru; Chandrayaan-3 landed near lunar south pole in August 2023; BrahMos is a supersonic cruise missile.

Coding-decoding: fix letter positions (A=1 … Z=26); test +/− shifts and reversal patterns before assuming a rule.

Series: check differences, then ratios, then alternating or square/cube patterns; two interleaved series is a common trick.

Blood relations: draw a family tree; vertical line = generation, horizontal = sibling/spouse; never assume gender from a name.

Direction sense: use a compass sketch; net displacement = √(x² + y²) for perpendicular moves; left/right flips when facing south.

Syllogism: valid only if the conclusion holds in every possible Venn arrangement; 'some A are B' does not imply 'some B are not A'.

Number analogy: classify the operation (×n+k, n²±k, digit sum) on the given pair, then apply identically to the target.

Seating arrangement: fix the most constrained person first; circular facing-centre means left is clockwise; verify final layout against all clues.

Hindi: संधि - स्वर संधि (दीर्घ, गुण, वृद्धि, यण, अयादि), व्यंजन संधि, विसर्ग संधि; उदाहरण सूर्य+उदय = सूर्योदय (गुण संधि)।

Hindi: समास के भेद - तत्पुरुष (अंतिम पद प्रधान), द्वंद्व (दोनों प्रधान), बहुव्रीहि (अन्य पद प्रधान), द्विगु, अव्ययीभाव, कर्मधारय।

Hindi: वाक्य में कर्ता, कर्म, क्रिया, क्रियाविशेषण, विशेषण पहचानें; अशुद्ध वाक्य में लिंग-वचन-काल का अन्वय जाँचें।

Hindi: मुहावरा लक्ष्यार्थ देता है, अर्थ सीधा नहीं; 'नौ दो ग्यारह होना' का अर्थ भाग जाना है।

English: subject-verb agreement - each/every/either/neither take singular verbs; 'one of the + plural noun' takes a singular verb.

English: conditionals - first (if + present, will), second (if + past, would), third (if + had + V3, would have + V3).

English: active to passive shifts object to subject and uses be + past participle; intransitive verbs cannot be made passive.

Computer: 1 byte = 8 bits; 1 KB = 1024 bytes, 1 MB = 1024 KB; binary 1011 = decimal 11; hexadecimal uses 0–9 and A–F.

Computer: OSI has 7 layers, TCP/IP model 4; IPv4 is 32-bit, IPv6 128-bit; HTTP port 80, HTTPS 443, FTP 21, SMTP 25.

Computer: RAM is volatile, ROM non-volatile; cache is fastest memory after registers; ROM types include PROM, EPROM, EEPROM.

Percentage and profit: profit% = (SP − CP)/CP × 100; successive discounts a% and b% give net (a + b − ab/100)% reduction.

Time-speed-distance: distance = speed × time; for equal distances, average speed = 2xy/(x + y); 1 km/h = 5/18 m/s.

Time and work: if A does a job in a days and B in b days, together they take ab/(a + b) days; use LCM of days as total work units.

Simple and compound interest: SI = PRT/100; CI = P(1 + R/100)^T − P; for 2 years CI − SI = P(R/100)².

Mensuration: circle area πr², circumference 2πr; cylinder volume πr²h, curved surface 2πrh; sphere volume (4/3)πr³.