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WBBSE Madhyamik Vocational IT & ITeS study materials
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WBBSE Madhyamik Vocational IT & ITeS practice questions

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Question 1Introduction to Information Technology and ITeS Industry

In the ITeS industry, what does the abbreviation BPO stand for?

  1. Binary Processing Output
  2. Basic Programming Operation
  3. Broadband Provider Organisation
  4. Business Process Outsourcing Correct answer.

Explanation

BPO stands for Business Process Outsourcing, the practice of contracting a third-party firm to handle business functions such as customer support, payroll or data entry. It is a core segment of the Indian ITeS sector, distinct from software development services.

Question 2Introduction to Information Technology and ITeS Industry

Which of the following is an example of hardware in a computer system?

  1. The motherboard Correct answer.
  2. A spreadsheet file
  3. A web browser
  4. An operating system

Explanation

Hardware refers to the physical, touchable components of a computer, and the motherboard is the main circuit board that holds the CPU, memory and expansion slots. Files, operating systems and browsers are software, which is intangible.

Question 3Introduction to Information Technology and ITeS Industry

A candidate for a data-entry role in an ITeS company is asked about input devices. Which device is used mainly to enter printed text and images into a computer as a digital file?

  1. Scanner Correct answer.
  2. Plotter
  3. Speaker
  4. Monitor

Explanation

A scanner is an input device that converts a physical document or photograph into a digital image that the computer can store and process. Plotters, speakers and monitors are output devices because they present results to the user.

Question 4Introduction to Information Technology and ITeS Industry

Which unit of computer memory is the smallest and stores exactly one binary digit?

  1. Kilobyte
  2. Nibble
  3. Bit Correct answer.
  4. Byte

Explanation

A bit is a single binary digit, either 0 or 1, and it is the smallest unit of data in computing. Larger units such as the nibble (4 bits), byte (8 bits) and kilobyte (1024 bytes) are built from bits.

Question 5Introduction to Information Technology and ITeS Industry

In an ITeS office, a worker wants to send a formal written message with an attached document to a client. Which internet service is most appropriate?

  1. A video-sharing website
  2. Instant messaging with stickers
  3. Electronic mail (email) Correct answer.
  4. A search engine

Explanation

Email is designed for sending formal written messages and file attachments to specific recipients, and it keeps a record of the communication. It suits business correspondence better than casual chat, video hosting or search tools.

Question 6Introduction to Information Technology and ITeS Industry

Which of the following best describes the term 'ITeS' as used in the Indian industry?

  1. Information Technology enabled Services Correct answer.
  2. Installation of telephone exchanges
  3. International Trade of Electronic Systems
  4. Manufacturing of computer chips

Explanation

ITeS stands for Information Technology enabled Services, covering service work such as call centres, medical transcription, data processing and back-office operations delivered with the help of IT. It is a service sector, not manufacturing or trading of goods.

Question 7Introduction to Information Technology and ITeS Industry

A student saves a project file and wants to reopen it later on the same computer. Which storage type keeps the file even after the computer is switched off?

  1. Cache memory
  2. Hard disk Correct answer.
  3. CPU register
  4. RAM

Explanation

A hard disk is non-volatile secondary storage, so saved files remain intact when power is removed. RAM, cache and CPU registers are volatile memory that lose their contents when the computer is switched off.

Question 8Introduction to Information Technology and ITeS Industry

Which software category includes programs such as word processors, spreadsheets and presentation tools used in an ITeS office?

  1. Firmware
  2. System software
  3. Utility software
  4. Application software Correct answer.

Explanation

Application software is designed to help users perform specific tasks such as writing documents, calculating data or making slides. System software, firmware and utilities manage the computer itself rather than performing end-user productivity tasks.

Question 9Introduction to Information Technology and ITeS Industry

An ITeS executive receives a suspicious email asking for a password by claiming to be from the bank. What is this attack called?

  1. Compiling
  2. Phishing Correct answer.
  3. Formatting
  4. Defragmentation

Explanation

Phishing is a fraudulent attempt, usually by email or a fake website, to trick a user into revealing sensitive information such as passwords or account details. The other terms describe maintenance or programming operations, not a security attack.

Question 10Introduction to Information Technology and ITeS Industry

Why is a strong password important for an employee handling client data in an ITeS company?

  1. It reduces the risk of unauthorised access to confidential records Correct answer.
  2. It allows the computer to run without an operating system
  3. It automatically installs antivirus software
  4. It increases the speed of the internet connection

Explanation

A strong password makes it harder for others to guess or crack credentials, thereby protecting confidential client records from unauthorised access. Passwords do not affect connection speed, replace the operating system or install software.

Question 11Introduction to Information Technology and ITeS Industry

In a spreadsheet, which feature is used to arrange a list of employee names alphabetically?

  1. Merge
  2. Sort Correct answer.
  3. Wrap
  4. Freeze

Explanation

The Sort feature rearranges rows in ascending or descending order based on a chosen column, so names can be placed alphabetically. Merge combines cells, Freeze locks panes and Wrap adjusts text display within a cell.

Question 12Introduction to Information Technology and ITeS Industry

Which protocol is used by a web browser to request and receive web pages from a web server?

  1. HTTP Correct answer.
  2. POP3
  3. FTP
  4. SMTP

Explanation

HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) governs how a browser requests web pages and how the server responds. FTP transfers files, while SMTP and POP3 are used for sending and receiving email respectively.

Question 13Introduction to Information Technology and ITeS Industry

A call-centre employee records a customer's complaint into a database while the customer waits on the line. Which type of ITeS service is this?

  1. Knowledge process outsourcing
  2. Network cabling
  3. Customer interaction and back-office support Correct answer.
  4. Hardware manufacturing

Explanation

Handling a live customer complaint and updating records is customer interaction supported by back-office data work, a typical ITeS service. It is not high-end knowledge work, manufacturing or physical network installation.

Question 14Introduction to Information Technology and ITeS Industry

Which of the following is an example of an operating system used on personal computers?

  1. Photoshop
  2. Excel
  3. MS Word
  4. Windows Correct answer.

Explanation

Windows is an operating system that manages hardware, files and programs. MS Word, Photoshop and Excel are application software that run on top of an operating system.

Question 15Introduction to Information Technology and ITeS Industry

An ITeS firm wants to protect its computers from malicious software that spreads through email attachments. Which measure is most directly aimed at this threat?

  1. Increasing monitor brightness
  2. Adding more RAM
  3. Using a larger hard disk
  4. Installing updated antivirus software Correct answer.

Explanation

Antivirus software detects and removes malicious programs such as viruses and worms, and keeping it updated ensures new threats are recognised. Brightness, RAM and disk size affect display or capacity, not malware protection.

Question 16Introduction to Information Technology and ITeS Industry

Which number system is used internally by digital computers to represent data?

  1. Binary Correct answer.
  2. Hexadecimal
  3. Decimal
  4. Roman

Explanation

Digital computers use the binary system, with only two states 0 and 1, because electronic circuits can reliably represent two voltage levels. Decimal, Roman and hexadecimal are either human conventions or shorthand, not the internal representation.

Question 17Introduction to Information Technology and ITeS Industry

A user types a website address into a browser and the page does not open, but other websites load normally. Which cause is most likely?

  1. The monitor cable is loose
  2. The keyboard is disconnected
  3. The specific website server is down Correct answer.
  4. The computer's power supply has failed

Explanation

If other websites load normally, the network and computer are working, so the failure is most likely specific to that one website's server. Power, keyboard or monitor faults would affect the whole computer, not a single page.

Question 18Introduction to Information Technology and ITeS Industry

Which file extension typically indicates a spreadsheet file created in common office software?

  1. .xlsx Correct answer.
  2. .mp3
  3. .docx
  4. .pptx

Explanation

The .xlsx extension identifies a spreadsheet workbook, whereas .docx is a word-processing document and .pptx is a presentation. The .mp3 extension denotes an audio file.

Question 19Introduction to Information Technology and ITeS Industry

A data-entry operator must enter a large batch of forms accurately. Which practice best supports data quality in this ITeS task?

  1. Entering all data from memory
  2. Using different spellings for the same name
  3. Skipping unclear fields to save time
  4. Verifying entries against the source document before saving Correct answer.

Explanation

Checking each entry against the source document before saving catches transcription errors and keeps records accurate. Skipping fields, inconsistent spellings and relying on memory all introduce errors that harm data quality.

Question 20Introduction to Information Technology and ITeS Industry

Which of the following describes a Local Area Network (LAN)?

  1. A network covering an entire country
  2. A network within a limited area such as an office building Correct answer.
  3. A network that connects only two computers by cable
  4. A network that uses only satellite links

Explanation

A LAN connects computers and devices within a limited geographical area, such as a single office, school or building, and is usually privately owned. Country-wide networks are WANs, and a LAN is not defined by the number of devices or by satellite use.

Question 21Introduction to Information Technology and ITeS Industry

A student needs to convert the decimal number 10 into binary. Which binary value is correct?

  1. 1110
  2. 1100
  3. 1010 Correct answer.
  4. 1001

Explanation

Decimal 10 equals 8 + 2, which corresponds to the binary places 8, 4, 2 and 1 as 1 0 1 0, giving 1010. The other options represent different decimal values and do not sum to 10.

Question 22Introduction to Information Technology and ITeS Industry

An ITeS company stores client records on a server. Which combination best protects both confidentiality and availability of these records?

  1. Disabling all user accounts permanently
  2. Keeping all data on a single unbacked laptop
  3. Role-based access control with regular backups Correct answer.
  4. Sharing one common password among all staff

Explanation

Role-based access control ensures only authorised staff can view sensitive records, protecting confidentiality, while regular backups allow recovery if data is lost, protecting availability. Shared passwords, single unbacked storage and disabled accounts each weaken security or usability.

Question 23Introduction to Information Technology and ITeS Industry

A spreadsheet contains marks in column B. Which formula correctly calculates the average of the values from B2 to B10?

  1. =SUM(B2:B10)
  2. =AVERAGE(B2:B10) Correct answer.
  3. =COUNT(B2:B10)
  4. =MAX(B2:B10)

Explanation

The AVERAGE function adds the values in the given range and divides by the count, so =AVERAGE(B2:B10) returns the mean mark. SUM gives the total, COUNT gives the number of entries and MAX gives the highest value.

Question 24Introduction to Information Technology and ITeS Industry

A company moves routine invoice processing to an overseas team while keeping decision-making in-house. Which ITeS arrangement does this describe?

  1. In-house product design
  2. Offshoring of a business process Correct answer.
  3. Local software installation
  4. Onsite hardware repair

Explanation

Offshoring occurs when a business process is transferred to a team in another country, often to reduce costs, while core decisions remain with the client. Hardware repair, software installation and product design are not process-outsourcing arrangements of this kind.

Question 25Computer Hardware, Peripherals and Operating System Basics

In a desktop computer, which component is directly responsible for executing program instructions and performing arithmetic and logical operations?

  1. The CPU (Central Processing Unit) Correct answer.
  2. The SMPS (Switched Mode Power Supply)
  3. The RAM module
  4. The hard disk drive

Explanation

The CPU is the processor that fetches, decodes and executes instructions and carries out arithmetic and logic operations. Other parts like RAM store data temporarily, the hard disk stores data permanently, and the SMPS supplies power, so none of them execute instructions.

Question 26Computer Hardware, Peripherals and Operating System Basics

A user complains that the computer loses the current date and time every time it is switched off. Which component on the motherboard should be checked first?

  1. The CPU fan
  2. The SATA data cable
  3. The graphics card
  4. The CMOS battery Correct answer.

Explanation

The small CMOS battery keeps the real-time clock chip and BIOS settings alive when mains power is off. When it is weak or dead, date, time and BIOS configuration reset on every power cycle. Other components listed do not store clock settings.

Question 27Computer Hardware, Peripherals and Operating System Basics

Which type of memory is volatile, meaning its contents are lost when the computer is switched off?

  1. Pen drive
  2. Hard disk
  3. RAM Correct answer.
  4. ROM

Explanation

RAM is volatile semiconductor memory used as working memory while the computer runs; its contents disappear when power is removed. ROM, hard disks and pen drives are non-volatile and keep their contents without power.

Question 28Computer Hardware, Peripherals and Operating System Basics

Which of the following is an example of an input device used to enter text into a computer?

  1. Monitor
  2. Speaker
  3. Keyboard Correct answer.
  4. Printer

Explanation

An input device sends data into the computer, and the keyboard is the standard device for entering characters and commands. Monitors, printers and speakers are output devices that present results to the user.

Question 29Computer Hardware, Peripherals and Operating System Basics

In Windows, which file extension identifies an executable application program?

  1. .jpg
  2. .txt
  3. .mp3
  4. .exe Correct answer.

Explanation

The .exe extension marks a Windows executable file that the operating system can load and run. The other extensions belong to data files such as plain text, images and audio, which are opened by an application rather than run directly.

Question 30Computer Hardware, Peripherals and Operating System Basics

What is the main purpose of an operating system on a personal computer?

  1. To increase the physical storage capacity of the hard disk
  2. To repair damaged hardware components automatically
  3. To convert the computer into a device that needs no electricity
  4. To manage hardware resources and provide a platform for application software Correct answer.

Explanation

An operating system acts as an interface between the user and hardware, managing the processor, memory, storage and input/output devices while providing services on which applications run. It cannot change physical capacity, remove the need for power, or repair broken hardware.

Question 31Computer Hardware, Peripherals and Operating System Basics

Which unit is commonly used to state the storage capacity of a hard disk drive?

  1. Watt (W)
  2. Terabyte (TB) Correct answer.
  3. Volt (V)
  4. Hertz (Hz)

Explanation

Hard disk capacity is measured in bytes and their multiples, such as gigabytes and terabytes, because storage is about how much data can be held. Hertz measures frequency, volt measures electric potential and watt measures power.

Question 32Computer Hardware, Peripherals and Operating System Basics

Which port on a modern computer is most commonly used to connect a pen drive?

  1. Ethernet port
  2. VGA port
  3. USB port Correct answer.
  4. Audio jack

Explanation

Pen drives are USB mass storage devices and plug into a USB port, which also supplies power to them. VGA carries video, Ethernet carries network signals and the audio jack carries sound, so none of these can connect a pen drive.

Question 33Computer Hardware, Peripherals and Operating System Basics

A student wants to keep the operating system files safe from accidental change while still being able to install new applications. Which user account type should be used for daily work?

  1. A standard user account Correct answer.
  2. A guest account
  3. An administrator account
  4. A hidden built-in account

Explanation

A standard user account can run applications and save personal files but cannot modify system files or system-wide settings without elevation. This limits damage from mistakes or malware. Administrator rights should be used only when a system change is genuinely required.

Question 34Computer Hardware, Peripherals and Operating System Basics

Which of the following best describes the function of the BIOS/UEFI firmware during startup?

  1. It stores the user's documents permanently between sessions
  2. It provides the graphical desktop where the user clicks icons
  3. It performs the power-on self-test and locates a bootable device to load the operating system Correct answer.
  4. It compresses files to save disk space

Explanation

At power-on the firmware runs the POST to check basic hardware, initialises devices and then searches the configured boot order for a bootable device to hand over to the operating system. The desktop appears only after the operating system has loaded, and file storage or compression is handled by the OS and applications.

Question 35Computer Hardware, Peripherals and Operating System Basics

A computer shows the message 'No bootable device found' at startup. Which cause is most consistent with this message?

  1. The keyboard is unplugged
  2. The monitor cable is loose
  3. The printer is switched off
  4. The hard disk is not detected or has no active bootable partition Correct answer.

Explanation

This message means the firmware completed its checks but could not find a device with a valid boot loader. Typical causes are a disconnected or failed drive, a corrupted boot sector, or a wrong boot order in setup. A loose monitor cable, an unplugged keyboard or a switched-off printer would not produce this boot error.

Question 36Computer Hardware, Peripherals and Operating System Basics

Which Windows utility is used to view and stop programs that are currently running and consuming processor or memory resources?

  1. Character Map
  2. Disk Cleanup
  3. Device Manager
  4. Task Manager Correct answer.

Explanation

Task Manager lists running applications and background processes with their CPU and memory usage, and allows a hung program to be ended. Disk Cleanup removes temporary files, Device Manager manages hardware drivers, and Character Map inserts special characters.

Question 37Computer Hardware, Peripherals and Operating System Basics

A file named report.docx is stored at C:\Users\Rita\Documents\report.docx. What is the folder named Documents in this path?

  1. The root directory of the drive
  2. A subfolder inside the Users\Rita folder Correct answer.
  3. The file extension of the document
  4. The name of the disk partition

Explanation

In a Windows path, backslashes separate successive folders, so Documents is a folder contained within Users\Rita, which itself is under the root of drive C. The root is C:\, the extension is .docx, and the partition is identified by C:.

Question 38Computer Hardware, Peripherals and Operating System Basics

Why does a computer need a power supply unit that converts AC mains to regulated DC voltages?

  1. The power supply speeds up the processor clock during heavy load
  2. The power supply stores the operating system between sessions
  3. Internal components run directly on high-voltage AC from the wall socket
  4. Internal components such as the motherboard and drives require low DC voltages to operate Correct answer.

Explanation

Mains electricity is high-voltage alternating current, while chips and drives need steady low DC voltages such as 3.3 V, 5 V and 12 V. The SMPS performs this conversion and regulation. It does not store the operating system or change the processor clock speed.

Question 39Computer Hardware, Peripherals and Operating System Basics

A user plugs in a pen drive, but no drive letter appears in File Explorer. Which step is the most appropriate first troubleshooting action?

  1. Delete all files on the hard disk
  2. Open Device Manager or Disk Management to check whether the drive is detected Correct answer.
  3. Replace the motherboard
  4. Reinstall the operating system immediately

Explanation

If the device is not recognised, the first step is to confirm whether the system detects it at all, using Device Manager or Disk Management, and to try another USB port. This identifies whether the problem is the port, the driver or the device itself. Destructive or expensive actions should come only after diagnosis.

Question 40Computer Hardware, Peripherals and Operating System Basics

Which statement correctly distinguishes a laser printer from an inkjet printer?

  1. A laser printer can only print black text, while an inkjet printer can only print images
  2. Both printers use only heat-sensitive paper and no consumable
  3. A laser printer uses toner powder and a drum, while an inkjet printer sprays liquid ink droplets Correct answer.
  4. A laser printer sprays liquid ink, while an inkjet printer uses toner powder

Explanation

Laser printers form an image with electrostatically charged toner that is fused onto paper by heat and pressure. Inkjet printers eject tiny droplets of liquid ink through nozzles. Both types can print text and graphics, and both need consumables.

Question 41Computer Hardware, Peripherals and Operating System Basics

What is the primary role of a device driver in an operating system?

  1. It provides the electricity needed by the device
  2. It permanently stores the user's photographs
  3. It allows the operating system to communicate with and control a specific hardware device Correct answer.
  4. It encrypts all files on the hard disk

Explanation

A driver is software that translates general operating system commands into the specific signals a particular device understands. Without a suitable driver, the OS cannot correctly operate the hardware even when it is physically connected.

Question 42Computer Hardware, Peripherals and Operating System Basics

A user wants to change the screen resolution of a Windows computer. Which location is the standard place to do this?

  1. Task Scheduler
  2. Folder Options
  3. Display settings in the Settings app Correct answer.
  4. Disk Management

Explanation

Screen resolution is a property of the display adapter and monitor, so it is configured in Display settings, where resolution, scaling and orientation are set. Disk Management handles partitions, Task Scheduler automates tasks, and Folder Options controls how folders are displayed.

Question 43Computer Hardware, Peripherals and Operating System Basics

Which of the following correctly lists the storage devices in increasing order of typical access speed?

  1. Hard disk, then pen drive, then RAM Correct answer.
  2. Hard disk, then RAM, then pen drive
  3. RAM, then hard disk, then pen drive
  4. Pen drive, then RAM, then hard disk

Explanation

Mechanical hard disks have the slowest access among these because of moving heads and spinning platters. Flash-based pen drives are faster for random access, and RAM is fastest because it is directly addressed semiconductor memory on the system bus.

Question 44Computer Hardware, Peripherals and Operating System Basics

A shop needs a computer for billing that must run reliably in a dusty environment with frequent power cuts. Which combination is the most sensible recommendation?

  1. A gaming console used with a keyboard
  2. A tablet with no external power protection
  3. A desktop with a UPS and periodic cleaning of air filters and fans Correct answer.
  4. A laptop kept permanently closed to protect it from dust

Explanation

A UPS provides temporary battery backup so the billing data is not lost and the machine shuts down safely during outages. Regular cleaning of fans and filters prevents dust from causing overheating. The other options either ignore power protection or use unsuitable devices.

Question 45Computer Hardware, Peripherals and Operating System Basics

What is the difference between a cold boot and a warm boot?

  1. A cold boot starts the computer from a powered-off state, while a warm boot restarts it without removing power Correct answer.
  2. A cold boot requires a network connection, while a warm boot does not
  3. A cold boot runs only the BIOS, while a warm boot runs only the operating system
  4. A cold boot restarts the computer, while a warm boot starts it from a powered-off state

Explanation

A cold boot, or hard boot, begins with the machine switched off, so the firmware performs a full POST and initialises all hardware. A warm boot restarts a running machine, for example through the Restart command, and skips some of the initial checks.

Question 46Computer Hardware, Peripherals and Operating System Basics

A technician replaces a faulty hard disk and installs the operating system, but the computer now runs noticeably hotter than before. Which explanation is most plausible?

  1. Installing an operating system always raises the internal temperature permanently
  2. A fan or heatsink connector was disturbed during the work, reducing airflow or cooling Correct answer.
  3. The monitor is displaying brighter colours than before
  4. The new hard disk generates a much larger amount of heat than the old one

Explanation

Work inside the case can dislodge fan headers, block vents or loosen the CPU heatsink, so cooling is impaired and temperatures rise. Hard disks produce modest heat and an OS installation does not permanently raise temperature. Display brightness on the monitor has no effect on the system unit's internal heat.

Question 47Computer Hardware, Peripherals and Operating System Basics

Which statement about virtual memory in an operating system is correct?

  1. It physically adds new RAM chips to the motherboard
  2. It permanently deletes inactive programs to free memory
  3. It uses part of secondary storage as an extension of RAM when physical memory is exhausted Correct answer.
  4. It stores the BIOS settings of the computer

Explanation

When RAM is full, the operating system moves less-used pages to a swap file or page file on disk, giving the illusion of more memory than is physically installed. Access to disk is much slower than RAM, so heavy paging reduces performance. Virtual memory does not add hardware or erase programs.

Question 48Computer Hardware, Peripherals and Operating System Basics

In a computer with 4 GB of RAM running a 32-bit operating system, why is some of the installed memory not usable by the system?

  1. A 32-bit address space can directly address only about 4 GB in total, part of which is reserved for hardware Correct answer.
  2. The 32-bit operating system disables all but 2 GB by design
  3. The missing memory is used to store the BIOS chip contents
  4. The extra RAM is automatically used as permanent storage

Explanation

A 32-bit processor can form addresses using 32 bits, giving a theoretical maximum of 4 GB, and part of that address space is reserved for memory-mapped hardware. Consequently the usable RAM is less than the installed amount. A 64-bit operating system removes this practical limit.

Question 49Computer Hardware, Peripherals and Operating System Basics

A user reports that a USB mouse works in one port but not in another on the same computer. Which conclusion is best supported by this evidence?

  1. The mouse is incompatible with the computer, because it failed in one port
  2. The mouse driver is corrupted, because the mouse failed once
  3. The second port or its internal connection is faulty, because the mouse itself works elsewhere Correct answer.
  4. The operating system is not installed, because a port failed

Explanation

Since the same mouse functions correctly in a different port, the device and its driver are demonstrably working. The fault therefore lies with the second port, its header cable or its controller. This kind of controlled comparison isolates the faulty part.

Question 50Computer Hardware, Peripherals and Operating System Basics

Which type of connector is standard on a modern desktop computer for attaching an external monitor that carries both digital video and audio over a single cable?

  1. HDMI Correct answer.
  2. Parallel port
  3. PS/2 port
  4. VGA

Explanation

HDMI is a digital interface that carries both high-definition video and audio over one cable, and it is the common monitor connector on modern desktops. VGA carries only analog video, while parallel and PS/2 ports are legacy interfaces for printers and mice/keyboards, not displays.