WBCHSE HS Telugu (First Language) flashcards
WBCHSE HS Telugu (First Language) · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Gadyam
- Telugu prose. In the WBCHSE first-language paper, prose lessons are tested through short and long answers on theme, character, and author, requiring textual evidence rather than general statements.
- Pratipadartham
- The literal, word-by-word meaning of a verse. Poetry answers begin with pratipadartham, then move to the inner sense (bhavam) and finally to the poetic device or sentiment.
- Bhavam
- The inner sense or emotional import of a poetic line, as distinct from its literal meaning. Examiners expect bhavam to be stated in the candidate's own words with a supporting image.
- Chandassu
- Telugu prosody, the system of metres. Naming a metre requires counting aksharas per pada and scanning the gana sequence, with guru and laghu marked before identification.
- Guru and laghu
- Heavy and light syllables in prosody. Guru is marked I and laghu U; the pattern of ganas formed from them determines the name of the metre in a Telugu verse.
- Utpalamala
- A Telugu metre of twenty aksharas per pada, built from a fixed gana sequence. It is one of the metres most frequently asked in chandassu questions, so memorise its gana order.
- Ataveladi
- A Telugu metre of twelve aksharas per pada with a prescribed gana order. It is shorter than utpalamala and champakamala, which makes it easy to distinguish by akshara count alone.
- Savarna-dirgha sandhi
- A sandhi in which a short vowel followed by the same long vowel, or two similar vowels, merge into one long vowel. Splitting must restore both original vowels exactly.
- Guna sandhi
- A sandhi where a or ā followed by i, u, or ri produces e, o, or ar respectively. The split must show the original a/ā plus the following vowel.
- Vriddhi sandhi
- A sandhi where a or ā followed by e or o produces ai or au. It is distinguished from guna sandhi by the resulting diphthong rather than a simple e or o.
- Tatpurusha samasam
- A compound in which the first member qualifies the second and the compound is governed by the second, as shown by a vigraha vakya where the second word is the head.
- Bahuvrihi samasam
- A compound that denotes something other than its constituent words, typically a person or thing possessing them. The vigraha vakya uses 'who has' or 'one who is' rather than 'and'.
- Dvandva samasam
- A compound joining two or more members as a list, expandable by 'and' (mariyu) in the vigraha vakya. Each member retains equal grammatical weight in the split.
- Anuprasa alankaram
- Alliteration, the repetition of the same consonant sound in nearby words. To answer, name the repeated consonant and quote the words in which it recurs.
- Upama alankaram
- Simile, a comparison using words such as la, vōlu, or pōlu. The answer must name both objects compared and the point of similarity, not merely quote the line.
- Rupaka alankaram
- Metaphor, where the compared object is identified directly with the subject without a comparison word. Naming the two entities and showing the absence of la or vōlu proves the device.
- Atisayokti alankaram
- Hyperbole, a deliberate exaggeration for effect. The answer states what is exaggerated and why the exaggeration serves the sentiment of the verse rather than being literal.
- Rasam
- The dominant aesthetic sentiment of a poem, such as karuna (pathos), vira (heroism), sringara (love), hasya (humour), or bhakti (devotion). Support it with the specific word creating it.
- Kahani
- A short story. In the non-detailed reader, story questions centre on the conflict, the turning point, and the resolution, and require incidents rather than adjectives as evidence.
- Natika
- A one-act play. Questions on natika test dialogue attribution, character confrontation, and stage directions, so note who speaks each key line and in what situation.
- Vigraha vakya
- The expanded phrase that proves a compound's type. Writing the vigraha vakya correctly is the standard justification in samasam questions and earns the classification mark.
- Paryayapadalu
- Synonyms. Vocabulary items in the comprehension section ask for a synonym of a word drawn from the passage, so keep paired equivalents collected from the prescribed lessons.
- Viruddharthakalu
- Antonyms. These are tested alongside synonyms in the vocabulary section; the answer must be a single word opposite in meaning, not a negated form of the original word.
- Jatiyalu
- Telugu idioms. They are tested as meaning plus usage: state the idiomatic sense and then supply a short correct sentence in which the idiom appears naturally.
- Vachana rachana
- Essay or prose composition. Marks are distributed across content, organisation, and language, so a planned three-part structure with connectives scores higher than unstructured content.
- Nirupana essay
- An expository essay that explains a topic in a formal register, such as a social issue, a science topic, or a current problem, organised by sub-point rather than by narrative.
- Varnana essay
- A descriptive essay, for example on a festival, a season, or a place. It uses sensory detail and an evocative register rather than argument, and needs a clear spatial or temporal order.
- Formal letter essentials
- Sender address, date, receiver designation and address, subject line, salutation, body, closing, and signature. Missing date or subject line is a common and avoidable loss of marks.
- Report writing structure
- A headline, a dateline giving place and date, and impersonal past-tense narration of events in chronological order. First-person comment is avoided; the reporter reports rather than opines.
- Translation strategy
- Translate meaning, not words. Restructure idioms into the target language's natural equivalent, and keep administrative and technical terms in their standard form rather than transliterating them.
- Comprehension answer length
- Match length to marks: a word or phrase for one mark, one full sentence for two, and two to three sentences for three. Copying whole passage sentences is not credited when own words are asked.
- Project work components
- A language project states topic, objective, method, collected material, analysis, and conclusion, with a bibliography. Original surveys or interviews score above copied reference material.