Unseen Passage / Comprehension (Apathita Gadyansha)
Unseen Passage (Apathita Gadyāṃśa) tests independent reading. The passage is new, so you must use grammar, context, and cognates rather than memory. Answer in the same language as the question unless told otherwise, and keep answers short and specific.
Method
- Read the questions first; they tell you which persons, places, and actions matter.
- Underline finite verbs and particles such as sā, saḥ, etat, yad; these resolve pronouns.
- Split sandhi and compounds only where they block sense.
- Track tense: स्म marks past habit; लट् marks present; लृट् marks future.
- Answer with the exact case relation: “who did what to whom, where, why.”
Worked example
Passage: “एकस्मिन् ग्रामे कश्चित् कृषकः वसति स्म। तस्य क्षेत्रे एकः वृक्षः आसीत्। सः प्रतिदिनं तत्र विश्रामं करोति स्म।” Question: कः कुत्र वसति स्म? Answer: कृषकः ग्रामे वसति स्म। Reasoning: कः asks nominative masculine; कृषकः is the only nominative person; कुत्र asks location, answered by ग्रामे (saptamī). तस्य refers back to कृषकः, not to वृक्षः.
Traps
Do not copy the whole passage; do not answer a “why” question with “because it is so”; do not ignore स्म and translate past habit as present; do not guess a word from Bengali sound alone when the case ending contradicts it.