INBDE flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Reversible pulpitis

Sharp pain provoked by cold or sweet stimuli that resolves quickly once the stimulus is removed, with no spontaneous pain and no periapical radiographic change.

Irreversible pulpitis

Spontaneous, lingering or referred pain, often waking the patient at night, that persists after the stimulus ends; cold testing produces a response lasting more than 30 seconds.

PSR code 3

Periodontal Screening and Recording score for a probing depth of 3.5 to 5.5 mm in a sextant; it requires full periodontal charting and scaling with home care instruction.

ASA physical status II

Classification for a patient with mild systemic disease, such as well-controlled hypertension or diabetes, that causes no functional limitation and requires only slight treatment modification.

Angle Class II malocclusion

Mandibular first molar sits distal to its normal relationship, so the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar occludes mesial to the buccal groove.

Sensitivity of a diagnostic test

Proportion of truly affected patients who test positive; calculated as true positives divided by the sum of true positives and false negatives.

Positive predictive value

Probability that a patient with a positive test result truly has the disease; it increases as the prevalence of that disease rises in the tested population.

AHA antibiotic prophylaxis regimen

Amoxicillin 2 g orally 30-60 minutes before a dental procedure for patients with prosthetic heart valves or prior infective endocarditis; clindamycin is no longer recommended.

Maximum lidocaine dose

7 mg/kg, not exceeding 500 mg total, for 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine; one 1.8 mL cartridge delivers 36 mg of lidocaine.

Articaine cartridge content

A 1.8 mL cartridge of 4% articaine contains 72 mg of local anesthetic, with a maximum recommended dose of 7 mg/kg and 500 mg.

Alveolar osteitis

Dry socket occurring 2-4 days after extraction, marked by severe throbbing pain and an empty socket with exposed bone; treated by irrigation and a eugenol dressing.

Fluoride varnish application

5% sodium fluoride varnish is applied every 3 to 6 months to caries-active patients; it sets on contact with saliva and is not rinsed or brushed off afterward.

First dental visit

Recommended by eruption of the first tooth and no later than 12 months of age, establishing a dental home and an early caries risk assessment.

Minimum implant spacing

At least 1.5 to 2 mm between an implant and an adjacent tooth and about 3 mm between adjacent implants preserves interdental bone and papilla.

Rubber dam isolation

Required for endodontic treatment and adhesive restorations; it prevents moisture contamination of the field and protects the airway from instruments and irrigants.

Amoxicillin for odontogenic infection

500 mg orally three times daily as an adjunct to drainage; antibiotics alone do not resolve a fluctuant abscess, which requires incision and drainage.

Type I collagen

Most abundant collagen, present in bone, dentin, cementum, periodontal ligament and skin; it provides tensile strength and is the main organic component of dentin.

Critical pH for enamel

About 5.5; below this value saliva is unsaturated with respect to hydroxyapatite and enamel demineralizes. Root dentin critical pH is roughly 6.2 to 6.7.

Red complex bacteria

Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola, the microbial cluster most strongly associated with chronic periodontitis and deep periodontal pockets.

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

Gram-negative capnophilic rod linked to localized aggressive periodontitis, typically showing deep pockets and bone loss limited to first molars and incisors.

Stimulated salivary flow

Normal stimulated whole saliva flow is 1 to 2 mL per minute; unstimulated flow is about 0.3 to 0.4 mL, and below 0.1 indicates hyposalivation.

Transtheoretical model stages

Behavior change moves through precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance; relapse is expected, and stage-matched counseling improves tobacco cessation outcomes.

Chorda tympani

Facial nerve branch that joins the lingual nerve to carry taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and parasympathetic fibers to the submandibular ganglion.

Medication-related osteonecrosis of jaw

Exposed maxillofacial bone persisting more than eight weeks in a patient on antiresorptive or antiangiogenic therapy, most often after extraction; prevention and conservative care are preferred.

ADA ethical principles

Patient autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, justice and veracity form the ADA Principles of Ethics and Code of Professional Conduct, with autonomy ranked first.

Informed consent elements

Diagnosis, nature and purpose of treatment, risks and benefits, alternatives including no treatment, prognosis, cost, and who will perform the procedure.

Four elements of malpractice

Duty owed to the patient, breach of the standard of care, causation linking the breach to harm, and compensable damages; all four must be proven.

Minimum necessary standard

HIPAA rule requiring that only the least amount of protected health information needed for a given purpose be used, disclosed, or requested.

Patient abandonment

Unilateral termination of the dentist-patient relationship without adequate notice, referral or time to secure alternative care; the dentist remains responsible for the patient.

Emancipated minor

A person under 18 who may legally consent to dental treatment because of marriage, military service, judicial decree or, in some states, pregnancy.

OSHA bloodborne pathogens standard

Requires a written exposure control plan, hepatitis B vaccination offered at no cost, gloves and other PPE, and annual training for all at-risk employees.

Usual, customary, reasonable fees

Insurance benchmark based on the dentist's own usual fee, the prevailing fee in the geographic area, and reasonableness relative to the complexity of the service.