Loading, Weight Limits and Cargo Security
What the exam tests
This domain tests gross vehicle weight, axle loads, payload distribution, overhang and load restraint. Questions often give axle ratings and actual loads and ask whether the vehicle is legal or how to reposition freight.
Core rules
- Do not exceed the gross vehicle weight, any axle or axle-group rating, or the tyre load rating.
- Distribute load evenly and keep the centre of gravity low; heavy items go over or between the axles, not at the tail.
- Secure every load with suitable straps, chains or restraints; the restraint system must match the load weight.
- Mark long overhangs and wide loads as required; check route restrictions.
- Dangerous goods need correct placards, documents and segregation.
Worked example
A three-axle rigid truck has a front-axle rating of 7 tonnes, a rear-axle-group rating of 18 tonnes and a gross vehicle weight rating of 25 tonnes. The loaded truck weighs 6 tonnes on the front and 17 tonnes on the rear, total 23 tonnes. Adding 2 tonnes at the tail would put 19 tonnes on the rear group, exceeding its 18-tonne rating even though the total would be 25 tonnes. The load must be redistributed or reduced.
Traps
A legal gross weight does not prove legal axle loads. Do not rely on gravity or a closed tailgate to secure cargo. Do not ignore overhang marking rules on long pipes or machinery.