Iraqi Board ENT study guide
Iraqi Board ENT · Work through your exam, one topic at a time.
The Iraqi Board in Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery is a specialty certification awarded through the Iraqi Board of Medical Specializations (the Iraqi Council for Medical Specializations), the national body that supervises postgraduate medical training in Iraq. It is intended for physicians who have completed a primary degree and are pursuing or have completed structured residency training in ENT, and it marks the point at which a surgeon is recognised as able to manage the full breadth of the specialty independently. The Iraqi Board ENT study guide has 10 sections and about 2,475 words.
01Otology and Neurotology
Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is middle-ear/mastoid inflammation with a perforated tympanic membrane and otorrhea for at least 3 months. Separate mucosal (safe, central perforation) from squamous (unsafe, cholesteatoma) disease.
278 words, about 1 min02Rhinology and Sinology
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is nasal and sinus inflammation for at least 12 weeks with two or more symptoms (obstruction, discharge, facial pain/pressure, hyposmia) plus endoscopic or CT evidence. Phenotypes are CRS without nasal polyps and CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP); type 2 inflammation dominates CRSwNP, especially with asthma and aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease.
275 words, about 1 min03Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology
Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma is staged by AJCC 8th edition, with depth of invasion determining T category. Early glottic cancer (T1a) can be treated with radiotherapy or transoral laser microsurgery; supraglottic cancer often presents with nodal metastasis.
286 words, about 1 min04Laryngology and Voice
Benign vocal fold lesions have distinct patterns: nodules are usually bilateral at the junction of the anterior and middle thirds from phonotrauma; polyps are often unilateral; Reinke's edema is linked to smoking; cysts are subepithelial; recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is caused by HPV 6 and 11. Dysphonia assessment includes history, laryngoscopy and stroboscopy.
244 words, about 1 min05Pediatric Otolaryngology
Acute otitis media is diagnosed by acute onset plus middle-ear effusion, with a bulging tympanic membrane or otorrhea. Observation is appropriate for selected nonsevere cases in older children; immediate antibiotics are used for severe pain, high fever, or young infants.
242 words, about 1 min06Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Rhinoplasty assessment covers nasal valve function, tip support, dorsal contour and septal pathology. Osteotomies narrow the bony vault; grafts support the tip and dorsum.
241 words, about 1 min07General Otolaryngology and Emergency Care
Airway foreign bodies require Heimlich maneuvers or rigid bronchoscopy; esophageal coins need removal, but a button battery is an emergency because of rapid mucosal necrosis. Deep neck space infections such as Ludwig's angina cause floor-of-mouth swelling, trismus, drooling and airway compromise.
229 words, about 1 min08Audiology and Vestibular Science
Pure tone audiometry separates conductive loss (air-bone gap) from sensorineural loss (no gap). Tympanometry types A, B and C reflect middle-ear pressure and mobility; type B suggests effusion or perforation, and type C suggests negative middle-ear pressure.
214 words, about 1 min09Basic Sciences Relevant to ENT
The temporal bone contains the facial nerve in labyrinthine, tympanic and mastoid segments; the labyrinthine segment is the narrowest and most vulnerable to edema. The recurrent laryngeal nerve runs in the tracheoesophageal groove and is at risk in thyroid surgery; the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve supplies cricothyroid.
238 words, about 1 min10Pharmacology and Immunology of the Head and Neck
Head and neck pharmacology must account for local and systemic effects. Topical nasal corticosteroids have low bioavailability but can cause epistaxis and septal irritation.
228 words, about 1 min