Iran Specialty Board Dermatology flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Desmoglein 3 autoantibody

Target antigen in pemphigus vulgaris; causes intraepidermal suprabasal acantholysis and mucosal-predominant blisters; direct immunofluorescence shows intercellular IgG in epidermis.

BP180 autoantibody

Target antigen in bullous pemphigoid; causes subepidermal blister with linear IgG and C3 along basement membrane; salt-split skin shows epidermal-side staining.

Breslow thickness

Measured from granular layer to deepest melanoma cell; strongest prognostic factor; guides sentinel lymph node biopsy and excision margins.

Auspitz sign

Pinpoint bleeding after scale removal in psoriasis; reflects dilated capillaries in dermal papillae beneath thinned suprapapillary plates.

Wickham striae

White lacy network on the surface of lichen planus lesions; best seen on oral mucosa and wrists; corresponds to hypergranulosis.

Koebner phenomenon

Appearance of new lesions at sites of trauma; seen in psoriasis, lichen planus, vitiligo, and lichen nitidus.

Herald patch

Single oval scaly macule preceding pityriasis rosea by days; followed by Christmas-tree distribution of smaller lesions on trunk.

Tzanck smear

Cytologic smear of vesicle base showing multinucleated giant cells; suggests HSV or VZV but does not distinguish between them.

KOH preparation

10–20% potassium hydroxide dissolves keratin, revealing fungal hyphae or spores; used for dermatophytosis and tinea versicolor.

Spaghetti and meatballs

KOH microscopy pattern of Malassezia furfur in tinea versicolor; short hyphae with clusters of spores.

Ridley–Jopling spectrum

Classification of leprosy from tuberculoid (paucibacillary) to lepromatous (multibacillary); reflects host immunity and bacterial load.

Scabies burrow

Linear gray track in stratum corneum at finger webs, wrists, or genitalia; contains Sarcoptes scabiei mite, eggs, and feces.

Mycosis fungoides

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with patch, plaque, and tumor stages; epidermotropic CD4+ T cells; Sézary syndrome has blood involvement.

Actinic keratosis

Rough scaly macule on sun-damaged skin; field cancerization; treat with cryotherapy, 5-FU, imiquimod, or PDT.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans

COL1A1-PDGFB fusion sarcoma; locally aggressive; treat with wide excision or Mohs; imatinib for unresectable disease.

Kaposi sarcoma

HHV-8-associated vascular tumor; spindle cells with slit-like spaces; associated with HIV and immunosuppression.

Dermatitis herpetiformis

IgA deposits in dermal papillae; associated with celiac disease; intensely pruritic vesicles on elbows and knees; treat with dapsone.

Salt-split skin

Immunofluorescence technique separating epidermis from dermis; epidermal-side IgG in bullous pemphigoid, dermal-side in epidermolysis bullosa acquisita.

Lupus band test

Granular IgG, IgM, IgA, and C3 along basement membrane on direct immunofluorescence; seen in lupus erythematosus.

Anti-centromere antibody

Associated with limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis (CREST syndrome); predicts pulmonary hypertension risk.

Gottron papules

Violaceous papules over knuckles in dermatomyositis; associated with anti-Mi-2 and anti-TIF1-γ antibodies.

Hemangioma of infancy

Appears in first weeks, proliferates until 6–12 months, then involutes; treat with oral propranolol if complicated.

Ash-leaf spot

Hypopigmented macule in tuberous sclerosis; best seen with Wood's lamp; associated with TSC1/TSC2 mutations.

Incontinentia pigmenti

X-linked dominant disorder lethal in males; Blaschko-linear vesicular, verrucous, pigmented, and atrophic stages; NEMO mutation.

Ichthyosis vulgaris

Fine white scale with flexural sparing and keratosis pilaris; caused by filaggrin (FLG) loss-of-function mutation; autosomal dominant.

Mohs micrographic surgery

Layer-by-layer excision with frozen section mapping; indicated for high-risk basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.

Pulsed dye laser

585–595 nm laser targeting oxyhemoglobin; used for port-wine stains, telangiectasias, and hemangiomas.

Botulinum toxin type A

Blocks acetylcholine release at neuromuscular junction; effect lasts 3–4 months; used for dynamic wrinkles and hyperhidrosis.

Alopecia areata

Non-scarring, well-circumscribed patches with exclamation-mark hairs; associated with autoimmune thyroid disease and vitiligo.

Telogen effluvium

Diffuse shedding 2–3 months after trigger; resolves spontaneously; pull test positive; no scarring.

Onychomycosis

Distal and lateral subungual most common; KOH or PAS of nail clippings; treat with terbinafine or itraconazole.

Nickel allergy

Most common contact allergen; associated with ear piercing and jewelry; patch test with nickel sulfate 5%.