Ethics, Professionalism, Patient Safety and Health Law
Scope
This domain tests informed consent, confidentiality, documentation, appropriate referral, infection control, and the legal framework of dermatologic practice, including cosmetic procedures.
Core rules
- Informed consent: explain diagnosis, alternatives, risks, benefits, and the option to decline; document the discussion; minors and incapacitated patients require guardians.
- Confidentiality: protect identifiable images and records; obtain separate consent for photography and publication.
- Documentation: accurate records support patient safety and legal defense.
- Patient safety: laser eye protection, proper equipment maintenance, sterile technique, and infection control.
- Off-label prescribing is acceptable with evidence and disclosure; conflicts of interest must be declared.
- Medical errors should be disclosed honestly and reported through appropriate channels.
Worked example
A patient requests laser removal of a pigmented lesion without evaluation. Reasoning: a pigmented lesion requires diagnosis before cosmetic treatment; the physician should examine, consider biopsy, and document the recommendation, declining treatment if melanoma is suspected.
Traps
Consent for photography is not implied by consent for treatment. Treating minors without guardian consent is unlawful. Marketing claims must not overstate outcomes.