Iran Dental Specialty Board - Pediatric Dentistry flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Scammon growth curves

Four tissue growth patterns: neural (early), general somatic (S-shaped), lymphoid (peaks ~age 10-12), and genital (late). Dental and skeletal age correlate better than chronologic age for treatment timing.

Cervical vertebral maturation

CVM stages CS1-CS6 on lateral cephalograms estimate skeletal maturity; CS3-CS4 marks the pubertal growth spurt, the optimal window for functional appliance therapy.

Nolla dental age stages

Nolla stages 1-10 describe crown and root formation of permanent teeth on radiographs; stage 10 indicates completed root formation. Used to estimate dental maturity.

Frankl behavior rating scale

Four-point scale: 1 definitely negative, 2 negative, 3 positive, 4 definitely positive. Ratings 3 and 4 indicate cooperative behavior suitable for routine treatment.

Tell-show-do technique

A behavior guidance method in which the procedure is explained in child-friendly words, demonstrated, and then performed. It is the foundational technique for cooperative children.

Piaget preoperational stage

Ages 2-7: egocentric and magical thinking, limited cause-and-effect reasoning. Explanations should be concrete, brief, and use familiar analogies rather than abstract logic.

Caries risk assessment

Structured evaluation of disease indicators, fluoride exposure, diet, plaque, saliva, and medical factors to classify children as low, moderate, or high risk and set recall intervals.

Silver diamine fluoride

38% SDF arrests active cavitated caries in primary teeth and root surfaces by remineralization and antibacterial action. It stains carious tissue black and is contraindicated in silver allergy.

Fluoride varnish application

5% NaF varnish (22,600 ppm F) applied 2-4 times yearly from first tooth eruption for moderate/high-risk children. It is a professional adjunct, not a substitute for home fluoride toothpaste.

Hall technique

Cementation of a stainless steel crown over a primary molar with caries, without local anesthesia or tooth preparation. It is effective for high-caries-risk children and anxious patients.

Glass ionomer cement properties

GIC chemically bonds to tooth, releases fluoride, and tolerates moisture, but has low wear resistance. Best for Class I/III primary restorations, temporaries, and high-caries-risk children.

Stainless steel crown indications

Multisurface caries, pulpotomized primary molars, hypoplasia, and high caries risk. Contraindicated in nickel allergy, esthetic demand, or when the tooth cannot be fitted.

Formocresol pulpotomy

Traditional primary molar pulpotomy medicament that fixes coronal pulp tissue. Effective but formaldehyde is a known carcinogen, so MTA and ferric sulfate are preferred alternatives.

Apexogenesis

Vital pulp therapy (pulpotomy or partial pulpotomy) in an immature permanent tooth that allows continued root development and apical closure. MTA or calcium hydroxide is used.

Regenerative endodontics

Treatment for necrotic immature permanent teeth with open apices: minimal instrumentation, disinfection, and induction of a blood clot to promote root thickening and apical closure.

Cvek partial pulpotomy

Removal of 2-3 mm of inflamed coronal pulp after trauma with pulp exposure, followed by MTA or calcium hydroxide. Preserves vitality in immature permanent teeth.

Avulsion first aid

Handle by crown, avoid scrubbing, and store in milk, HBSS, or saline. Replant immediately; dry time over 60 minutes markedly worsens prognosis. Splint 2 weeks.

Lateral luxation management

Displaced tooth is repositioned and splinted flexibly for 4 weeks. Monitor pulp vitality and root resorption; immature teeth may revascularize.

Riga-Fede disease

Traumatic ulceration on the ventral tongue from natal or neonatal teeth or sharp incisors. Treatment includes smoothing the tooth or extraction if severe.

Mucocele

Mucus extravasation from a minor salivary gland after trauma, common on the lower lip. Excision with gland removal is curative; recurrence is common if gland remains.

Infantile hemangioma

Vascular tumor appearing shortly after birth that grows then involutes. Propranolol is first-line for problematic lesions. Vascular malformations are present at birth and do not involute.

Amelogenesis imperfecta

Hereditary enamel defect (hypoplastic, hypomaturation, hypocalcified) affecting primary and permanent teeth. Treatment ranges from desensitizing agents to full-coverage crowns.

Dentinogenesis imperfecta

Opalescent teeth with obliterated pulp chambers and short roots, associated with osteogenesis imperfecta (COL1A1/COL1A2). Treatment includes crowns and careful endodontics.

Molar-incisor hypomineralization

Demarcated enamel opacities on first permanent molars and incisors from systemic insults in the first 3 years. Treatment ranges from desensitizing and sealants to crowns.

Ectodermal dysplasia

Hypohidrotic form (ED1 gene) causes sparse hair, reduced sweating, and conical teeth with hypodontia. Dental care includes prostheses and implants as growth permits.

Lidocaine maximum dose

4.4 mg/kg with epinephrine in children. Calculate by weight and use the smallest effective volume; epinephrine total dose is also limited.

Midazolam reversal agent

Flumazenil reverses benzodiazepine sedation. Monitor respiration and oxygenation; flumazenil may precipitate seizures in chronic benzodiazepine users.

Anaphylaxis epinephrine dose

Epinephrine IM 0.01 mg/kg of 1:1,000, max 0.3-0.5 mg, repeat every 5-15 minutes. Do not delay epinephrine for antihistamines or steroids.

AHA antibiotic prophylaxis

Amoxicillin 50 mg/kg (max 2 g) 30-60 minutes before procedure for prosthetic valves, previous endocarditis, and unrepaired cyanotic congenital heart disease. Clindamycin is no longer recommended.

Autism spectrum disorder dental care

Use visual schedules, social stories, and sensory minimization. Schedule desensitization visits and avoid overstimulation from lights, sounds, and touch.

Down syndrome dental features

Trisomy 21 with microdontia, delayed eruption, macroglossia, and increased periodontal disease. Congenital heart defects may require antibiotic prophylaxis; atlantoaxial instability warrants caution.

Space maintainer types

Band-and-loop and crown-and-loop for posterior space loss; lower lingual holding arch for bilateral loss. Maintain until the permanent successor erupts.