Iran Municipalities Exam flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Ostandar

The governor-general appointed by the Ministry of Interior to head an Iranian province (ostan); supervises counties, districts, and municipal councils within the province.

Majles

The Islamic Consultative Assembly of Iran, with 290 members elected for four-year terms; it drafts and approves ordinary legislation and the national budget.

Assembly of Experts

An 88-member body elected for eight years that selects, supervises, and may dismiss the Supreme Leader of Iran.

City council term

Members of Islamic city councils in Iran are elected by popular vote for four-year terms; the council then selects the mayor, subject to Ministry of Interior approval.

Ezafe construction

A Persian grammatical linker (kasre) joining a noun to a following modifier: ketāb-e sabz means 'the green book'; written as ـه in words ending in silent he.

Shahnameh

Ferdowsi's Persian national epic, completed around 1010 CE, comprising roughly 50,000 couplets in motaqāreb metre and covering Iran's mythical and historical kings.

Nima Yushij

Persian poet (1895–1960) regarded as the founder of New Poetry (she'r-e now), breaking classical metre and rhyme conventions in twentieth-century Persian literature.

Persian alphabet letters

The Persian script has 32 letters, including four not found in Arabic: پ (pe), چ (che), ژ (zhe), and گ (gaf).

Ramadan fasting

Obligatory fast during the ninth Islamic lunar month from dawn to sunset; waived for travellers, the ill, pregnant women, and the elderly with qada or fidyah.

Khums

In Twelver Shia practice, a one-fifth (20%) levy on annual surplus income after expenses, payable to religious authorities for specified charitable and religious purposes.

Quran surah count

The Quran contains 114 surahs and 6,236 verses by the Kufi count; Al-Baqarah is the longest surah and Al-Kawthar the shortest.

Hajj standing at Arafat

The central hajj rite on 9 Dhu al-Hijjah, when pilgrims stand at Arafat; hajj is performed in the twelfth Islamic lunar month.

Compound interest formula

Compound interest equals P(1 + r)^t − P, where P is principal, r is the per-period rate as a decimal, and t is the number of periods.

Weighted mean

For grouped data, the weighted mean equals Σ(w·x)/Σw, where w is each group's weight or frequency and x is its value.

Work-rate formula

When two workers complete a job in t₁ and t₂ hours alone, their combined time is 1 / (1/t₁ + 1/t₂) hours.

Pythagorean triples

Integer right-triangle side sets satisfying a² + b² = c²; common examples are 3-4-5, 5-12-13, and 8-15-17.

Absolute cell reference

An Excel reference locked with dollar signs (e.g. $A$1) so the row and column do not shift when the formula is copied to other cells.

Excel #DIV/0! error

An Excel error value displayed when a formula divides a number by zero or by an empty cell.

Freeze Panes

An Excel View-tab command that locks specified rows or columns in place so headers remain visible while scrolling through a large worksheet.

Slide Master

A PowerPoint feature that stores fonts, colours, and layout settings and applies them consistently across all slides in a presentation.

Municipalities Law 1955

Iran's Qanun-e Shahrdariha defines the municipality as a public non-governmental institution with financial and administrative independence, amended several times since.

Article 100 Commission

An Iranian municipal commission that reviews building-permit violations and construction without permits, imposing fines or demolition orders under the Municipalities Law.

Mayor qualification

An Iranian mayor must hold Iranian citizenship and relevant qualifications; the Ministry of Interior may suspend or dismiss a mayor on statutory grounds.

Supreme Council of Urban Planning

Iran's Shura-ye 'Ali-ye Shahr-sazi, which approves urban master plans (tarh-e jame') and detailed plans (tarh-e tafsili) submitted by municipalities.

Water-cement ratio

The mass ratio of water to cement in a concrete mix; lower ratios increase strength and durability but reduce workability, adjusted with admixtures.

Standard 2800

Iran's seismic design code (Ayin-nameh-ye Tarh-e Larzeh-ee) dividing the country into four seismic hazard zones, with Zone 1 the highest risk.

Concrete curing period

Concrete made with normal cement must be kept moist for at least 7 days to develop adequate strength and limit shrinkage cracking.

Accounting equation

Assets equal Liabilities plus Equity; every double-entry transaction preserves this balance, and total debits must equal total credits.

Straight-line depreciation

Annual depreciation equals (cost − salvage value) divided by useful life in years; the same amount is charged each year.

National Development Fund

Iran's Sanduq-e Tose'e-ye Melli receives a statutory share of oil and gas revenues to fund development projects and future generations.

Administrative Justice Court

Iran's Divan-e Edalat-e Edari, which reviews complaints against government bodies and hears appeals of disciplinary and administrative decisions.

Civil Service Management Law

Iran's 2007 Qanun-e Modiriyat-e Khedmat-e Keshvari governs recruitment, promotion, discipline, and retirement of civil servants on merit-based principles.