SAMPAD Grade 7 Entrance Exam key terms

A whole number greater than 1 whose only positive divisors are 1 and itself, such as 2, 3, 7 or 13. Numbers like 4, 9 and 15 are not prime because they have other factors.

The lowest number that is a multiple of two or more given numbers. For 4 and 6, the multiples are 4, 8, 12... and 6, 12, 18..., so the LCM is 12.

The largest number that divides two or more given numbers exactly, leaving no remainder. For 12 and 18 the common factors are 1, 2, 3 and 6, so the HCF is 6.

A number written as one whole number over another, showing parts of a whole, such as 3/4. The top number is the numerator and the bottom is the denominator, which cannot be zero.

A way of writing a fraction with 100 as the denominator. Fifty percent (50%) means 50 out of every 100, which is the same as the fraction 1/2.

A comparison of two quantities of the same kind by division, written as 3:2 or 3/2. It tells how many times one amount contains the other.

The result of adding all the values in a set and dividing by how many values there are. The mean of 2, 4 and 9 is 15 divided by 3, which is 5.

The amount of flat surface a shape covers, measured in square units such as square centimetres (cm2). A rectangle's area equals its length multiplied by its width.

A mathematical statement showing that two expressions have the same value, joined by an equals sign. Solving it means finding the value of the unknown letter that makes both sides equal.

A word that has the same or nearly the same meaning as another word. 'Happy' and 'glad' are synonyms, so either can often be used without changing the sentence's meaning.

A word with the opposite meaning to another word. 'Hot' and 'cold', or 'brave' and 'cowardly', are antonyms, and they help show contrast in writing.

A small word placed before a noun or pronoun to show position, direction or time, such as in, on, under, after or between. It links that noun to the rest of the sentence.

The rule that a verb must match its subject in number and person. A singular subject takes a singular verb ('She walks'), while a plural subject takes a plural verb ('They walk').

A fixed group of words whose meaning cannot be understood from the single words alone. 'To let the cat out of the bag' means to reveal a secret.

A letter or group of letters added to the front of a base word to change its meaning, as un- does in 'unhappy' or re- in 'rewrite'. The word usually keeps its grammar class.

A sentence pattern in which the person or thing affected by the action becomes the subject, as in 'The letter was written by Rahim'. The doer appears after 'by' or is left out.

The process by which green plants use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to make glucose and release oxygen. Chlorophyll in the leaves traps the light energy needed for this reaction.

The process by which living cells release energy from food, usually glucose, using oxygen and producing carbon dioxide and water. It is not the same as breathing, which only moves air.

All the living things in an area together with the non-living surroundings they interact with, such as soil, water, air and sunlight. A pond or a forest can be an ecosystem.

A series of living things in which each one eats the one before it, showing how energy passes along. Grass, grasshopper, frog and snake in that order is an example.

A substance formed when two or more elements join chemically in fixed proportions, such as water (H2O) or salt (NaCl). Its properties differ from those of its elements.

The change of a liquid into a gas at its surface, happening at any temperature below boiling point. Puddles dry up because water evaporates into the surrounding air.

A push or a pull that can change an object's speed, direction or shape. Force is measured in newtons, and friction and gravity are common examples.

The smallest unit of a living thing that can carry out all the processes of life. Some living things have one cell; others, like humans, are made of billions.

The joining of two sounds or words to form one word, with the sounds at the meeting point combining or changing. In Bengali, 'বিদ্যা' + 'আলয়' becomes 'বিদ্যালয়'.

The process of combining two or more words into a single word, where one part keeps its full meaning and the others are shortened. 'রাজপুত্র' (king's son) is a Bengali example.

The relation between a verb and the other words in a sentence, showing who does the action, what is acted on, and by what means. Bengali recognises six such relations, each marked by particles or endings.

Bengali words that can replace one another in a sentence without changing the meaning, such as 'জল', 'পানি' and 'বারি' for water. They make writing more varied.

Bengali word pairs whose meanings are contrary to each other, such as 'দিন' (day) and 'রাত' (night), or 'সুখ' (happiness) and 'দুঃখ' (sorrow).

A meaningful letter or group of letters placed before a Bengali word stem to change its meaning, such as 'প্র' in 'প্রবেশ' or 'অ' in 'অসত্য'. It is not a separate word.

A short, well-known Bengali saying that expresses practical wisdom or popular belief, often using rhyme or imagery, such as 'অতি লোভে তাঁতি নষ্ট'.

A question that asks you to find the relationship between one pair of items and apply the same relationship to another pair, for example hand is to glove as foot is to sock.

A list of numbers that follows a hidden rule, such as adding 3 each time or doubling each term. You find the rule and use it to predict the next or missing number.

A set of items in which all but one share a common feature. You identify the item that does not fit, such as a circle placed among several squares.

A reasoning task where letters, numbers or words are replaced by a pattern, and you must work out the rule to decode a given word. For example, if A becomes C, each letter may shift two places.

A reasoning problem that describes family relationships in words and asks how two people are related. Drawing a simple family tree usually makes the answer clear.

A reasoning question about movement using compass directions such as north, south, east and west. You track turns and distances, often by drawing the path on rough paper.