ISEB Common Pre-Test flashcards
ISEB Common Pre-Test · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Place value
- The value a digit has because of its position in a number; in 4,702 the 7 is worth 700 because it sits in the hundreds column.
- Equivalent fractions
- Fractions that name the same amount, such as 1/2, 2/4 and 5/10; multiply or divide numerator and denominator by the same number to make them.
- Reciprocal
- The number you multiply a fraction by to get 1; the reciprocal of 3/4 is 4/3. Dividing by a fraction is the same as multiplying by its reciprocal.
- Percentage increase
- To increase an amount by a percentage, multiply by 1 plus the percentage as a decimal; a 20% increase means multiplying by 1.20.
- Order of operations
- The agreed sequence for calculating: brackets first, then indices, then multiplication and division, then addition and subtraction, working left to right within each stage.
- Triangle area
- Half of base multiplied by perpendicular height; the height must be measured at right angles to the base, not along a sloping side.
- Speed formula
- Speed equals distance divided by time. Rearranged, distance equals speed times time, and time equals distance divided by speed.
- Angles on a straight line
- Adjacent angles that together form a straight line add up to 180 degrees; angles meeting around a single point add up to 360 degrees.
- Mean, median, mode
- Mean is the total divided by the count; median is the middle value once ordered; mode is the most frequent value; range is largest minus smallest.
- Ratio sharing
- To share an amount in a given ratio, add the parts, divide the total by that number of parts, then multiply by each share.
- Skimming and scanning
- Skimming is fast reading for the overall gist; scanning is running the eyes over text to locate one specific detail such as a number or name.
- Inference
- A meaning worked out from clues in the text combined with what the reader already knows; it is implied rather than stated directly.
- Fact and opinion
- A fact can be checked and proved true or false; an opinion is a personal view, often signalled by words like best, worst or should.
- Main clause
- A group of words containing a subject and a finite verb that can stand alone as a complete sentence, for example: The dog barked loudly.
- Subordinate clause
- A clause that cannot stand alone as a sentence and depends on a main clause; it often begins with because, although, when or which.
- Apostrophe for possession
- An apostrophe plus s shows one owner (the girl's coat); an apostrophe after the s shows more than one owner (the girls' coats).
- Comma splice
- An error in which two complete sentences are joined by only a comma; use a full stop, semicolon or conjunction instead.
- Direct speech punctuation
- Put inverted commas around the exact spoken words and place a comma before the closing inverted comma when a reporting clause follows.
- Adjective and adverb
- An adjective describes a noun (a quiet room); an adverb describes a verb, adjective or other adverb, often ending in -ly (she spoke quietly).
- Synonym and antonym
- A synonym is a word with a similar meaning, such as big and large; an antonym is a word with the opposite meaning, such as big and small.
- Homophone
- One of two or more words that sound the same but are spelled differently and mean different things, such as their, there and they're.
- Compound word
- A word formed by joining two complete words, such as sun and flower making sunflower, or rain and bow making rainbow.
- Prefix and suffix
- A prefix is a letter group added to the start of a root word (unhappy); a suffix is added to the end (happiness).
- Letter-to-number conversion
- The alphabet position of a letter: A is 1, B is 2 and so on to Z as 26; used to crack letter-shift codes and series.
- Analogy relationship
- The precise link between a pair of words, such as part to whole or young to adult, which must be applied unchanged to a second pair.
- Odd one out
- The word or shape that fails a rule satisfied by all the others; identify the shared rule first, then find the exception.
- Rotation
- A turn of a shape about a fixed point; size and shape stay the same, but orientation changes, unlike a reflection which flips the shape.
- Reflection
- A mirror image of a shape across a line; the image is the same size but reversed, so letters and arrows point the opposite way.
- Lines of symmetry
- Lines that divide a shape into two identical halves that mirror each other; a square has four and an equilateral triangle has three.
- Cube net
- A flat arrangement of six squares that folds into a cube; opposite faces of the cube never touch on the net.
- Shape sequence rule
- The consistent change linking consecutive figures, such as one extra side, a 90-degree turn, or alternating shading, which predicts the next figure.
- Overlay rule
- The rule governing combined figures, for example that overlapping lines cancel out, that shading adds together, or that only the outline remains.