Route knowledge and line characteristics
What route knowledge means
Route knowledge is not memorising station names. It is knowing gradients, permissible speeds, signal positions and sighting, junction layouts, level crossings, tunnel restrictions, station stop positions, and where to apply the brake. The exam tests whether you can use the Sectional Appendix, WON, route cards, and diagrams to build a working picture of the line.
Core content
- Gradients: falling gradients increase stopping distance; rising gradients help braking but affect acceleration.
- Permissible speeds: line speed, junction speed, temporary speed restrictions, and any restriction shown in the WON.
- Signal sighting: where a signal first becomes visible, and what obscures it.
- Station stops: platform lengths, stop marks, dispatch arrangements, and door positions.
- Level crossings and tunnels: whistle or horn requirements, tunnel clearance, and emergency access points.
Worked example
You are approaching a junction where the route diverges to a 30 mph branch. The signal is green. What is the trap?
Reasoning: a green at the junction signal may apply to the main route. The route indicator tells you which route is set. If it shows the branch, you must already know the branch speed and the brake point before the signal. Reduce to 30 mph before the junction, not after passing it. The green is not permission to take the branch at line speed.
Traps that cost marks
- Learning only station names and ignoring gradients.
- Relying on memory when a WON has changed a speed restriction.
- Missing a signal because you looked for it in the wrong place.
- Confusing platform stop marks on different stock.