Shizuoka Public High School Entrance Examination - English flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Corrected number in listening

When a recording gives one figure and then corrects it, the answer is the final figure. Earlier numbers are distractors placed to catch students who stop listening after the first value.

Discourse marker override

Words like but, actually, and instead signal that the following clause replaces what was said before. The answer usually sits after these markers, not before them.

Action verb picture cue

Similar pictures often show the same object with different verbs: carrying, holding, picking up, giving. Identify the verb in the recording and match the action, not just the object.

Second speaker's decision

In a planning dialogue, the plan finally adopted is the last proposal both speakers accept. Earlier suggestions are distractors even if repeated several times.

Spatial prepositions in listening

Expressions such as next to, between A and B, across from, and in front of locate objects in picture choices. Match the preposition to the position rather than to the object name.

Dialogue function matching

Each line performs a function: invitation, request, apology, suggestion, or refusal. The correct reply matches that function and keeps tense and politeness consistent with the original line.

Pronoun reference test

For it, they, this, or that, substitute each candidate noun back into the sentence. The correct referent is the nearest preceding noun phrase that keeps the meaning logical.

Main idea versus detail

A main-idea option covers the whole passage. An option that copies one sentence's wording is usually a detail distractor, even though the quoted sentence is factually in the text.

NOT-stated item strategy

Check each option against a specific line. The false option typically reverses cause and effect, swaps before and after, or changes a number rather than inventing a new topic.

Timeline conversion for schedules

Convert all stated times into one ordered list: arrival, start, break, end. Then answer questions about order or duration by reading positions on that single timeline.

Vocabulary-in-context substitution

Replace the target word with each option inside the original sentence. The correct option preserves both the sentence's meaning and its grammar, including part of speech.

Long-passage conclusion location

In narrative passages, the writer's changed view appears in the final paragraph, often after a turning point marked by but then. Main-idea answers come from that conclusion.

Feeling item evidence rule

Questions about a character's feelings must be supported by an action or quotation in the same paragraph. General real-world assumptions about how people feel do not count as evidence.

Two-condition retrieval matching

In table, poster, or email tasks, an option is correct only if it meets every stated condition. Failing one condition, such as wrong day or closed time, eliminates it completely.

Unit qualifiers in retrieval

Phrases like per person, free under 6, or half price after 5 change the calculation. Convert all prices and times to the same unit before comparing options.

Connective clues for insertion

However signals contrast, therefore signals result, and for example signals illustration. Use these links plus pronoun references to decide where a sentence fits in a passage.

Traceable evidence rule

Every chosen reading answer must point to a specific sentence in the passage. An option that is true in real life but not stated in the text is incorrect.

Past progressive with interruption

Use was/were doing for an action in progress and the simple past for the interrupting event: I was reading when the phone rang. The two tenses mark background and interruption.

Present perfect for duration

Use have/has + past participle with for or since for experience or states continuing to now: I have lived here for ten years. Simple past would imply the situation ended.

Gerund or infinitive after verbs

Want, hope, decide, and plan take to do. Enjoy, finish, stop, mind, and practice take doing. Stop to do means pause in order to; stop doing means quit the activity.

Participle choice after nouns

Use the present participle for a noun that performs the action (the boy playing tennis) and the past participle for one that receives it (the letter written in English).

The comparative, the comparative

This pattern links two changes: The more you practice, the better you become. Both clauses begin with the comparative form, and the second states the resulting change.

Relative pronoun selection

Use who for people, which for things, that for both in defining clauses, where for places, and whose for possession. Omit the pronoun only when it is the object of the clause.

Indirect question word order

After Do you know, I wonder, or Could you tell me, use statement order: where he lives, what time it starts. Do not insert do, does, or did in the embedded question.

Too, so, and enough

Too young to drive equals not old enough to drive and so young that he cannot drive. All three express the same inability with different grammar patterns.

Passive transformation steps

Move the object to the subject position, use be plus past participle, and keep the original tense. Add by plus agent only when the doer is important information.

Reported speech backshift

Shift tense one step back: is becomes was, will becomes would, can becomes could. Also change pronouns and time words, so now becomes then and tomorrow becomes the next day.

Question tag polarity

An affirmative statement takes a negative tag and a negative statement takes an affirmative tag: You like it, don't you? and She isn't here, is she? The tag repeats the auxiliary.

It versus there constructions

Use It is plus adjective plus for someone plus to do for evaluation, and There is or There are plus noun for existence. Mixing them, as in There is difficult to, is an error.

Guided writing condition check

Composition prompts state sentence or word counts and required content points. Meeting every condition matters as much as grammar, because missing one loses marks regardless of English quality.

Three-sentence composition frame

Sentence one states the opinion with I think. Sentence two gives a reason with because. Sentence three adds a concrete example or conclusion with for example or so.

Concrete reason requirement

A reason sentence needs a specific detail, such as what people can learn or do. Empty reasons like because it is good add no content and are scored as weak support.