静岡県高校入試 国語 - Independent practice key terms

An on reading reflects a historical Chinese-derived reading, while a kun reading connects a character with a Japanese word; context selects the appropriate reading.

Homophones share a pronunciation but differ in meaning and often in written characters; the complete sentence determines the appropriate written form.

An antonym expresses an opposing meaning along a relevant dimension; similar spelling or a generally negative feeling does not establish opposition.

An idiomatic expression has an established figurative meaning that cannot always be recovered by translating each component word literally.

The subject and predicate must fit logically; when revising a sentence, check what the topic is and what is being asserted about it.

A modifier limits or describes another expression; identify the word it modifies instead of assuming it belongs to the nearest word.

Respectful language raises the person performing an action; identify that actor rather than confusing the actor with the listener or recipient.

Humble language presents an action in a way that respects another person; distinguish the performer from the person toward whom respect is directed.

A demonstrative refers to a recoverable expression or situation; replace it with the proposed content to test whether the sentence still makes sense.

A connective marks a relation such as contrast, cause, example or restatement; read the surrounding statements before naming its function.

The gist preserves a text's central claim and necessary qualifications, rather than listing every example or replacing the author's view with personal opinion.

Evidence supports a particular claim; check that it concerns the same subject and actually justifies the strength of the conclusion being drawn.

Contrast highlights relevant differences between two things; identify both objects and the shared point on which they are being compared.

A factual report describes something that can be checked, while an opinion includes interpretation or judgment; neither category alone guarantees truth.

A change in feeling must be traced between supported moments in a narrative, using words, actions and context rather than an invented cause.

Description presents a scene, action or perception; explain its role in the supplied passage rather than assigning a fixed emotion to every image.

Figurative language connects different things to highlight a feature; identify both sides of the comparison and the feature the passage supports.

The narrator is the voice presenting the events; distinguish what that voice knows from what a character or an outside reader may infer.

Historical kana spelling differs from modern spelling in regular ways; identify the complete word and its context before converting individual characters mechanically.

In classical Japanese, particles such as ぞ and こそ can govern a clause's predicate form; examine the whole construction and its context.

A classical word can have a meaning different from its modern counterpart; use the supplied context and the relevant historical sense.

Kanbun return marks indicate a Japanese reading order among written Chinese characters; distinguish that reading order from stroke order or punctuation.

A constrained composition must address its topic and every stated condition, such as required content or length, while presenting a coherent idea.

Revision checks meaning, organization and expression after drafting; correcting spelling alone does not repair a missing reason or an unsupported conclusion.