Tokushima Public High School Entrance Examination - English flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Listening: price correction

When a speaker gives a price and then says 'Actually' or 'I mean,' the second figure is the correct answer and the first is a distractor.

Listening: weekday calculation

If today is Wednesday and someone says 'the day after tomorrow,' the answer is Friday. Count forward one day per named weekday to avoid slips.

Listening: sequence markers

Words such as first, then, after that, and finally mark the order of events; match each action to its marker to answer order questions.

Listening: who does what

Track the subject of each verb; in 'Ken asked Emi to help,' Ken asks and Emi helps, so a question about the helper takes Emi.

Listening: negation correction

Patterns like 'not A but B' or 'I don't want A, I want B' reverse the first choice; the answer is the item after but.

Listening: question word target

The question word tells you what to catch: how long needs a duration, how often a frequency, and why a reason, usually stated last.

Reading: pronoun reference

For it, they, or this, find the nearest earlier noun or clause matching in number and making sense; singular it cannot refer to a plural noun.

Reading: transition signals

However signals contrast, therefore signals a result, and for example introduces an illustration; the signal predicts the direction of the next sentence.

Reading: notice scanning

In timetables, flyers, and advertisements, read the heading first, then scan for numbers, dates, and prices; answers are stated details, not inferences.

Reading: vocabulary in context

Identify the word's part of speech in the sentence, then substitute each choice; the correct meaning keeps the sentence logical and grammatical.

Reading: main idea location

In short English expository paragraphs, the topic sentence usually comes first and is restated last, while the middle sentences supply examples.

Reading: stated versus inferred

A choice is correct only if the passage supports it; an option that is true in general but missing from the text is wrong.

Reading: past perfect order

Past perfect (had plus past participle) marks the earlier of two past events, so 'when I arrived, she had left' means she left first.

Frequency adverb position

Put always, usually, and never before a main verb but after be: 'She usually walks to school' and 'She is usually busy.'

Present perfect: experience

Have been to means someone visited a place at some unspecified time; use went when a specific past time such as last year is stated.

Gerund after enjoy

Verbs like enjoy, finish, and stop meaning quit take a gerund: 'I enjoy reading.' Stop to read instead means pausing in order to read.

Indirect question word order

After Do you know or Please tell me, use statement order: 'where he lives,' not 'where does he live.'

Relative pronouns who and which

Use who for people and which for things; that can replace either in a defining clause, and the clause follows its noun immediately.

Contact clause omission

When who, which, or that is the object inside its clause, it may be dropped: 'the book I bought yesterday' is correct English.

as ... as equality

Place the adjective or adverb between as and as: 'as tall as,' 'as many books as.' Not as ... as expresses a smaller amount.

Passive voice form

The passive is be plus past participle; choose it when the doer is unknown or unimportant: 'This bridge was built in 1980.'

Conditional: if plus will

In a real condition the if-clause takes the present tense and the main clause takes will: 'If it rains, we will stay home.'

Opinion sentence frame

Start a composition with 'I think (that) ...' and state one clear opinion; a simple correct sentence scores higher than an ambitious broken one.

Reason with because

Add a second sentence giving a reason with because, since, or for example; this supplies required content and raises the word count.

Word count check

After drafting, count the words one by one; if the total is short, add a reason or example rather than repeating the same idea.

Comma and period basics

End every sentence with a period, capitalize the first letter and the pronoun I, and place a comma before but or so joining two clauses.

Avoid katakana English

Made-up words like 'my boom' or 'salary man' are not standard English; write 'hobby' and 'office worker' to avoid vocabulary errors.

Accepting an invitation

Reply 'I'd love to' or 'Sure, I'd be glad to,' then add a detail such as a time or a meeting place to complete the exchange.

Declining politely

Say 'I'm sorry, but I have to ...' and give a reason; a bare 'No' is too abrupt for a dialogue-completion blank.

Asking for repetition

Use 'Could you say that again?' or 'Pardon me?' when words are missed; never answer a question you did not actually hear.

Telephone self-identification

On the phone, say 'This is Ken speaking' for yourself and 'Is that Emi?' for the other person; do not say 'I am Ken.'

Offering help

'Shall I carry that?' or 'May I help you?' makes an offer; accept with 'Yes, please' and decline with 'No, thank you.'