ORT Biology study plan

Draw and label the major organ systems from memory, then correct gaps against a textbook diagram

Explain how negative feedback maintains blood glucose and body temperature, giving the sensor, integrator and effector in each case

Trace the path of blood through the heart and relate each chamber and valve to oxygenation status

Describe the sliding filament mechanism of muscle contraction in sequence, naming the ions and proteins involved

Solve 20 calculation items on cardiac output, ventilation rate and surface-area-to-volume ratios

Compare the structure and transport properties of the four tissue types and link each to an organ example

Explain gas exchange across alveolar and capillary surfaces using partial pressure gradients

Describe nephron function from filtration to reabsorption, naming the segments and the hormones acting on them

Relate enzyme kinetics to metabolic rate by sketching and interpreting Michaelis-Menten and inhibition curves

Distinguish osmosis, diffusion and active transport with a physiological example of each

Classify the four macromolecule groups by monomer, bond type and cellular function

Explain glycolysis, the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation as an energy-flow narrative, tracking ATP and electron carriers

Describe membrane structure using the fluid mosaic model and predict the effect of changing lipid saturation on permeability

Interpret a Lineweaver-Burk plot to identify competitive and non-competitive inhibition

Predict the consequence of a missing coenzyme or cofactor on a named pathway

Explain DNA replication, transcription and translation stepwise, naming the enzymes at each stage

Solve monohybrid, dihybrid and sex-linked crosses and state expected phenotypic ratios

Distinguish point, frameshift and chromosomal mutations by their effect on the protein product

Describe the lac operon or an equivalent regulatory system as a model of gene control

Calculate allele and genotype frequencies and apply Hardy-Weinberg assumptions to a population dataset

Compare mitosis and meiosis by chromosome behaviour, ploidy outcome and checkpoint control

Describe fertilisation and early cleavage through gastrulation, naming the germ layers and their derivatives

Explain how plant and animal hormones regulate growth, using one named example of each

Interpret data on cell cycle disruption and relate it to uncontrolled proliferation

Sequence the stages of human development from zygote to implantation with correct terminology

Construct a food web from a species list and identify trophic levels, keystone species and energy loss at each transfer

Calculate population growth using exponential and logistic models and interpret carrying capacity

Explain the carbon and nitrogen cycles, naming the organisms responsible for each transformation

Distinguish the mechanisms of natural selection, genetic drift and gene flow with a worked example of each

Interpret a phylogenetic tree and distinguish homologous from analogous structures

Relate leaf, root and stem anatomy to transport, support and gas exchange

Explain transpiration, cohesion-tension and phloem loading as a coupled transport system

Describe photoperiodism and one plant response to a named environmental stimulus

Outline one biotechnological application in agriculture or medicine and evaluate its risks and benefits

Explain the principles behind PCR, gel electrophoresis or CRISPR and state one limitation of each

Complete two full-length timed mock exams and score each by domain

Rework every missed item and write the underlying principle in one sentence

Rank domains by mock accuracy and re-drill the two weakest with targeted questions

Recite the key formulas and definitions for genetics, population growth and transport calculations from memory

Draft a one-page exam-day strategy covering time allocation and question sequencing