ORT Chemistry study guide
ORT Chemistry · Work through your exam, one topic at a time.
ORT Chemistry is a subject examination in chemistry used in the ORT (Общественный республиканский тест) assessment system, a standardized testing framework administered in Kyrgyzstan and used for admission and placement decisions at some institutions. This page is an independent study resource: it is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or produced by the testing body, and candidates should always confirm the current official specification before registering. The ORT Chemistry study guide has 10 sections and about 3,046 words.
01Atom Structure and Periodic Law
The Atom Structure and Periodic Law domain asks you to build electron configurations from quantum numbers and then use them to predict periodic trends instead of memorising lists of numbers. Aufbau order follows n + l: 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p.
320 words, about 2 min02Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure tests whether you can move from a Lewis structure to shape, hybridisation, polarity and, for simple diatomics, bond order. Formal charge = (valence electrons) − (non-bonding electrons) − ½(bonding electrons).
295 words, about 1 min03Inorganic Chemistry: s-, p- and d-Block Elements and Their Compounds
Inorganic Chemistry: s-, p- and d-Block Elements asks for group trends and characteristic reactions of the main-group metals and non-metals, plus the typical behaviour of transition metals and their compounds. Reactivity with water increases down group 1 (K ignites, Li fizzes slowly).
288 words, about 1 min04Chemical Reactions, Stoichiometry and Quantitative Calculations
Stoichiometry and Quantitative Calculations tests the mole as a currency: converting mass, gas volume and concentration into moles, identifying the limiting reagent, and carrying units through to the answer. n = m/M; n = V/22.4 for a gas at STP (0 °C, 101.3 kPa); n = c × V for a solution, with V in litres.
306 words, about 2 min05Solutions, Electrolytic Dissociation and Ionic Equilibria
Solutions, Electrolytic Dissociation and Ionic Equilibria covers concentration units, the behaviour of strong and weak electrolytes, pH, buffers, hydrolysis of salts and solubility products. Molarity c = n/V (mol/L) depends on volume and therefore on temperature; molality is temperature-independent.
318 words, about 2 min06Oxidation-Reduction and Electrochemistry
Oxidation–Reduction and Electrochemistry covers oxidation numbers, balancing redox equations, galvanic cells, standard electrode potentials, the Nernst equation and electrolysis. Oxidation numbers: free element 0; oxygen usually −2 (peroxides −1); hydrogen +1 with non-metals, −1 with metals; the sum equals the overall charge.
309 words, about 2 min07Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons and Functional Derivatives
Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons and Functional Derivatives tests structure and nomenclature, the characteristic reactions of each homologous series, and the simple tests that distinguish functional groups. Alkanes: free-radical substitution with halogens under UV light or heat; cracking.
268 words, about 1 min08Organic Reaction Mechanisms and Synthesis
Organic Reaction Mechanisms and Synthesis asks you to decide how a reaction proceeds, why it gives that product, and how to build a target molecule from simple starting materials. SN2: one concerted step, backside attack, inversion of configuration, rate = k[substrate][nucleophile].
302 words, about 2 min09High-Molecular Compounds and Chemistry of Life
High-Molecular Compounds and the Chemistry of Life covers polymers and their monomers, then the structure and reactions of carbohydrates, proteins, fats and nucleic acids. Addition polymerisation (polyethylene, PVC, polystyrene, PTFE) opens C=C bonds; no small molecule is lost and the repeat unit has the same formula as the monomer.
289 words, about 1 min10Laboratory Safety, Qualitative Analysis and Experimental Technique
Laboratory Safety, Qualitative Analysis and Experimental Technique covers safe handling of reagents, identification of common ions, and the practical skills that exam questions test through described procedures. Never add water to concentrated acid; add acid slowly to water with stirring.
351 words, about 2 min