Cambodia Health Entrance Exam flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Cell membrane

A selectively permeable phospholipid bilayer surrounding the cell that controls which substances enter and leave, and carries proteins for transport and signaling.

Mitochondrion

An organelle with a double membrane where aerobic respiration produces most of the cell's ATP through the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain.

Osmosis

The net movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to one of higher solute concentration.

Dominant allele

An allele that is expressed in the phenotype even when only one copy is present, masking the effect of a recessive allele on the homologous chromosome.

Enzyme active site

The specific region of an enzyme where the substrate binds; its shape is complementary to the substrate and is altered by extreme heat or pH.

Avogadro's number

The number of particles in one mole of a substance, approximately 6.022 × 10^23; it links atomic-scale counts to measurable masses in grams.

Molarity

A concentration unit equal to the number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution, abbreviated M and calculated as mol ÷ L.

pH scale

A logarithmic measure of hydrogen ion concentration, pH = −log[H+], ranging from 0 to 14, where values below 7 are acidic.

Oxidation

A chemical process in which an atom, ion, or molecule loses electrons and its oxidation number increases; it is always paired with reduction.

Mole ratio

The ratio of coefficients of two substances in a balanced chemical equation, used to convert moles of one reactant or product into moles of another.

Ionic bond

The electrostatic attraction formed when one atom transfers electrons to another, creating oppositely charged ions that are held together in a lattice.

Newton's second law

The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass, expressed as F = ma.

Ohm's law

For a conductor at constant temperature, current is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance: V = IR.

Kinetic energy

The energy an object possesses because of its motion, calculated as one half of its mass multiplied by the square of its speed.

Wave frequency

The number of complete wave cycles passing a fixed point each second, measured in hertz and related to speed and wavelength by v = fλ.

Snell's law

The rule governing refraction: n1 sin θ1 = n2 sin θ2, where n is the refractive index and the angles are measured from the normal.

Quadratic formula

The solution x = [−b ± √(b² − 4ac)] ÷ 2a for any equation written as ax² + bx + c = 0, with a not equal to zero.

Pythagorean theorem

In a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the other two sides: a² + b² = c².

Arithmetic sequence

A sequence in which each term after the first is obtained by adding a fixed common difference d to the previous term.

Discriminant

The expression b² − 4ac from a quadratic equation; positive gives two real roots, zero gives one repeated root, negative gives no real roots.

Probability

A number from 0 to 1 expressing how likely an event is, computed as favorable outcomes divided by total equally likely outcomes.

Harmonic mean speed

For equal distances traveled at two different speeds, the average speed is 2ab ÷ (a + b), which is lower than the simple arithmetic mean.

Valid syllogism

A deductive argument whose conclusion follows necessarily from its premises; if all A are B and all B are C, then all A are C.

Compound percentage change

Successive percentage changes multiply rather than add; a 20 percent rise then a 20 percent fall leaves 96 percent of the original value.

Clock hand angle

The angle between hour and minute hands is |30H − 5.5M| degrees, where H is the hour and M is the minutes past the hour.

Combined work rate

If two workers alone take x and y days, working together they finish in xy ÷ (x + y) days, because their rates add.

Khmer consonant series

Khmer consonants belong to an a-series or o-series; the series determines which vowel sound a dependent vowel sign represents.

Reamker

The Cambodian epic adapting the Indian Ramayana, following Rama and Sita; it is performed in classical dance and shadow puppet theatre.

Chbab

A Khmer genre of didactic poetry offering moral instruction in verse; famous examples include Chbab Srey and Chbab Proh.

Angkor Wat

A 12th-century temple built under King Suryavarman II near Siem Reap, originally dedicated to Vishnu and shown on Cambodia's flag.

Tonle Sap

Cambodia's great lake, the largest freshwater lake in Southeast Asia, whose flow reverses each year with the Mekong flood pulse.

Choul Chnam Thmey

The Khmer New Year, celebrated in mid-April over several days with traditional games, offerings, and family gatherings marking the harvest's end.