Cambodia Dentistry Exit Exam flashcards

35 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Foramen ovale

The mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve exits the skull through this foramen, which lies in the greater wing of the sphenoid.

Mental foramen

The exit point of the mental nerve, usually located below the apices of the mandibular premolars; it marks the anterior limit of the inferior alveolar nerve block.

Amelogenesis imperfecta

A hereditary defect of enamel formation affecting both dentitions; enamel may be hypoplastic, hypocalcified, or hypomature, and restorative care is often needed.

Junctional epithelium

A nonkeratinized epithelium that attaches to the tooth surface via hemidesmosomes and forms the epithelial seal; its migration apically is a hallmark of periodontitis.

Leukoplakia

A persistent white patch that cannot be clinically or pathologically characterized as any other disease; biopsy is indicated for suspicious or nonhomogeneous lesions.

Odontogenic keratocyst

A cyst lined by parakeratinized epithelium with a palisaded basal layer; it has high recurrence and is associated with PTCH1 mutations and basal cell nevus syndrome.

Pemphigus vulgaris

An autoimmune blistering disease with IgG against desmoglein, causing suprabasal acantholysis and oral erosions; diagnosis is by biopsy and immunofluorescence.

Wickham striae

Fine white lacy lines on the oral mucosa characteristic of lichen planus; the erosive form requires biopsy to exclude dysplasia.

Apical constriction

The narrowest part of the root canal near the apex, typically 0.5–1.0 mm short of the radiographic apex; working length is set near this point.

Sodium hypochlorite irrigation

The main endodontic irrigant; it dissolves organic tissue and is antimicrobial, but it must be kept within the canal to avoid tissue damage.

Vertical root fracture

A fracture running along the root, often presenting with a narrow deep pocket and J-shaped radiolucency; extraction is usually required.

Posterior palatal seal

A border seal area on the maxillary denture at the junction of the hard and soft palate that improves retention by compensating for tissue movement.

Centric relation

A maxillomandibular relationship with the condyles in their most anterior-superior position against the articular eminences, independent of tooth contact.

Denture stomatitis

Chronic erythematous inflammation of the denture-bearing mucosa, usually Candida-associated; treatment includes hygiene, overnight removal, and antifungals.

Clinical attachment loss

The distance from the cementoenamel junction to the base of the periodontal pocket; it distinguishes periodontitis from gingivitis.

Peri-implant mucositis

Reversible inflammation of the soft tissue around an implant without bone loss; treatment is mechanical debridement and improved hygiene.

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

A gram-negative bacterium associated with aggressive periodontitis and rapid attachment loss, especially in younger patients.

Alveolar osteitis

Dry socket occurring 2–4 days after extraction with severe pain and exposed bone; managed by irrigation, dressing, and analgesia.

Ludwig's angina

Bilateral cellulitis of the submandibular and sublingual spaces with airway compromise; requires urgent airway management and surgical drainage.

Le Fort I fracture

A horizontal fracture of the maxilla above the apices of the teeth, separating the palate from the upper face; may present with malocclusion.

Distal shoe space maintainer

An appliance used after premature loss of a primary molar before the first permanent molar erupts, guiding the molar into position.

Pulpotomy

Removal of the coronal pulp while preserving the radicular pulp; indicated for vital pulp exposure in primary or young permanent teeth.

DMFT index

A count of decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth used to measure caries experience in populations; dmft is used for primary teeth.

Sensitivity and specificity

Sensitivity is the proportion of true positives detected; specificity is the proportion of true negatives detected; both are properties of the test.

Water fluoridation

Adjusting community water fluoride to an optimal level, typically 0.7–1.0 ppm, to reduce dental caries; the level depends on climate and water intake.

Maximum lidocaine dose

Approximately 4.4 mg/kg without epinephrine and 7 mg/kg with epinephrine; calculate by body weight and cartridge volume before injection.

Amoxicillin

A first-line antibiotic for odontogenic infections; clindamycin or azithromycin are alternatives for penicillin-allergic patients.

BRONJ

Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw; risk rises with intravenous and long-term oral use, and elective surgery should be avoided when possible.

Inferior alveolar nerve block

A mandibular block targeting the pterygomandibular space near the mandibular foramen; aspiration before injection reduces intravascular risk.

Anaphylaxis management

Intramuscular epinephrine 0.3–0.5 mg (1:1000) in the anterolateral thigh, oxygen, and emergency services; antihistamines are adjunctive only.

Autoclave sterilization

Sterilization of dental instruments at 121°C for 15–20 minutes or 134°C for 3–4 minutes; monitoring uses biological and chemical indicators.

Pulp sensibility testing

Cold and electric pulp tests assess nerve response; a negative response may indicate necrosis but can be false negative with calcification or recent trauma.

Biopsy indication

Any persistent oral lesion over two weeks, suspicious white or red patch, or indurated ulcer should be biopsied to exclude malignancy.

ASA classification

A system grading medical risk from ASA I (healthy) to ASA IV (severe systemic disease); higher classes may require medical consultation before dental treatment.

Hypoglycemia emergency

In a conscious patient, give oral glucose; if unconscious, call emergency services and do not give oral fluids because of aspiration risk.