Kiribati KCSE / KSCE flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Active voice
- The subject performs the action, as in 'The tide destroyed the seawall.' Prefer it in reports and instructions because it is shorter and shows who acts.
- Simile
- A figure of speech comparing two things using 'like' or 'as', for example 'her hair was as black as the reef at night'.
- Third conditional
- Describes an unreal past situation: if + past perfect, then would have + past participle, e.g. 'If the boat had left earlier, we would have reached Betio.'
- Topic sentence
- The first sentence of a body paragraph; it states the one main idea the paragraph will prove, so the reader knows the paragraph's purpose before evidence appears.
- Quadratic formula
- For ax^2 + bx + c = 0 with a not equal to zero, the roots are x = [-b +/- sqrt(b^2 - 4ac)] / 2a. Use it when factorising fails.
- Compound interest formula
- Amount A = P(1 + r/100)^n, where P is the principal, r the rate per period as a percentage, and n the number of periods. Interest earned = A - P.
- Discriminant
- The value b^2 - 4ac of the quadratic ax^2 + bx + c. If positive there are two distinct real roots, if zero one repeated root, if negative no real roots.
- Sine ratio
- In a right-angled triangle, sin of an angle equals the length of the side opposite that angle divided by the length of the hypotenuse.
- Mean, median, mode
- Mean = total divided by number of values; median = the middle value once data are ordered; mode = the most frequent value, which may not exist.
- Photosynthesis equation
- 6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2, driven by light energy trapped by chlorophyll in chloroplasts; oxygen is released as a by-product.
- Ohm's law
- For a conductor at constant temperature, V = IR: voltage in volts equals current in amperes multiplied by resistance in ohms.
- pH scale
- A scale from 0 to 14 measuring hydrogen ion concentration: below 7 acidic, exactly 7 neutral, above 7 alkaline. Litmus turns red in acid and blue in alkali.
- Atomic number
- The number of protons in an atom's nucleus; it determines the element's identity and, in a neutral atom, equals the number of orbiting electrons.
- Benedict's test
- Add Benedict's solution to the food sample and heat it in a water bath; a brick-red precipitate shows a reducing sugar such as glucose.
- Battle of Tarawa
- Fought in November 1943 when United States forces landed on Betio in the Gilbert Islands against Japanese defenders; casualties were heavy and the airstrip was captured.
- Banaba phosphate
- Ocean Island (Banaba) was mined for phosphate from 1900 until 1979, stripping most of its surface; many Banabans were resettled on Rabi Island in Fiji.
- International Date Line
- A roughly north-south line in the Pacific where the calendar date changes by one day; the Line Islands of Kiribati lie just east of it.
- Kiribati independence
- Kiribati became independent from Britain on 12 July 1979, when the Gilbert Islands were renamed Kiribati after the local pronunciation of 'Gilberts'.
- Te mwaie
- Traditional Kiribati dance performed by seated or standing groups, with rhythmic body and hand movements, usually accompanied by singing and clapping in the maneaba.
- Te bwiro
- Preserved breadfruit: ripe fruit is peeled, wrapped in leaves and buried in a pit to ferment for weeks or months, giving starchy food during shortages.
- Te kava
- Fermented sap collected from the coconut palm and drunk as a mild intoxicant; the sap is collected by tapping the flower stalk twice daily.
- Mauri
- The everyday Kiribati greeting used for hello and welcome; the reply is also 'Mauri', often followed by a question about where you are going.
- Kiribati alphabet
- Thirteen letters: A, B, E, I, K, M, N, Ng, O, R, T, U, W. 'Ng' counts as a single letter and can begin a word.
- Accounting equation
- Assets = Liabilities + Capital. It must stay in balance after every transaction; profit increases capital while drawings decrease it.
- Double entry rule
- Every transaction is recorded twice with equal debits and credits; a debit entry goes on the left and a credit on the right of the ledger.
- Working capital
- Current assets minus current liabilities; it measures whether a business can pay its short-term debts as they fall due.
- Straight-line depreciation
- Annual depreciation = (cost - estimated residual value) divided by useful life in years; the same amount is charged in each year's income statement.
- Market equilibrium
- The price at which quantity demanded equals quantity supplied, so there is neither a shortage nor a surplus and the price tends to stay put.
- Babai
- Giant swamp taro, Cyrtosperma merkusii, the staple starch of Kiribati; it is grown in pits dug to the freshwater lens and mulched with leaves and compost.
- Freshwater lens
- A body of fresh rainwater floating on denser salt water beneath an atoll islet; wells tap it, and over-pumping draws salt into it.
- Copra
- Dried coconut kernel, the main traditional export of Kiribati; it is pressed for coconut oil and used as feed for pigs and poultry.
- Compost carbon-nitrogen ratio
- A carbon to nitrogen ratio of about 25-30 to 1; alternate brown material such as leaves and husks with green material and keep the heap moist.