KAAY Cadet Entrance Exam flashcards
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- Subject-verb agreement
- A singular subject takes a singular verb and a plural subject takes a plural verb; compound subjects joined by 'and' are plural unless they express a single idea.
- Present perfect tense
- Formed with have/has plus the past participle; it describes a past action that has present relevance or an action continuing to now.
- Passive voice
- A sentence construction using a form of 'be' plus the past participle, where the object of the active sentence becomes the subject.
- Conditional sentences
- First conditional: if + present, will + base verb. Second: if + past, would + base. Third: if + had + past participle, would have + past participle.
- Quadratic formula
- For ax² + bx + c = 0, the roots are x = [−b ± √(b² − 4ac)] / 2a; the discriminant b² − 4ac determines whether roots are real or complex.
- Pythagoras theorem
- In a right-angled triangle, the square of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the other two sides: a² + b² = c².
- Arithmetic progression
- A sequence with a constant difference d between consecutive terms; nth term aₙ = a + (n − 1)d and sum Sₙ = n/2[2a + (n − 1)d].
- Probability of an event
- The number of favourable outcomes divided by the total number of equally likely outcomes; the complement rule states P(A′) = 1 − P(A).
- Newton's second law
- The net force on an object equals its mass times its acceleration (F = ma); weight is the gravitational force W = mg.
- Kinematic equations
- For constant acceleration: v = u + at, s = ut + ½at², and v² = u² + 2as, where u is initial and v is final velocity.
- Ohm's law
- The current through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across it at constant temperature: V = IR.
- Conservation of energy
- Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed; in a frictionless system, kinetic plus potential energy remains constant.
- Pakistan provinces and capitals
- Punjab (Lahore), Sindh (Karachi), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Peshawar), and Balochistan (Quetta); Islamabad is the federal capital territory.
- United Nations founding
- The United Nations was founded in 1945 with headquarters in New York; its Security Council has five permanent members holding veto power.
- SAARC headquarters
- The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation is headquartered in Kathmandu, Nepal; the OIC is headquartered in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Indus Waters Treaty
- A 1960 water-sharing agreement between Pakistan and India, brokered by the World Bank, dividing the Indus basin rivers between the two countries.
- Five pillars of Islam
- Shahadah (faith declaration), Salah (prayer), Zakat (almsgiving), Sawm (fasting in Ramadan), and Hajj (pilgrimage to Makkah).
- Pillars of Iman
- Belief in Allah, His angels, His revealed books, His messengers, the Day of Judgment, and divine decree (qadar).
- Hijrah
- The migration of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) from Makkah to Madinah in 622 CE, marking the start of the Islamic lunar calendar.
- Lahore Resolution 1940
- A resolution passed by the All-India Muslim League in Lahore in 1940 demanding independent states in Muslim-majority regions of India.
- Number series reasoning
- Identify the rule in a sequence by testing differences, ratios, squares, or alternating patterns; apply the same rule to find the missing term.
- Letter coding
- Convert letters to positions (A = 1 … Z = 26); common codes use fixed shifts, reversals, or position-based substitutions.
- Syllogism rule
- A valid conclusion must follow from all premises; two 'some' premises cannot produce an 'all' conclusion, and a negative premise yields a negative conclusion.
- Time and work formula
- If A completes a job in x days and B in y days, working together they finish in xy/(x + y) days, assuming constant rates.
- Body mass index
- BMI = weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared; a value of 18.5–24.9 is generally classified as normal for adults.
- Resting heart rate
- The number of heartbeats per minute at rest; a typical healthy adult range is 60–100 beats per minute, with fitter individuals often lower.
- Blood pressure reading
- Recorded as systolic pressure over diastolic pressure in mmHg; a common normal adult value is around 120/80 mmHg.
- Medical board disqualifiers
- Conditions such as active asthma, epilepsy, severe flat foot, or uncorrected vision and hearing deficits may disqualify a candidate; the medical board decides.
- STAR answer method
- Situation, Task, Action, Result; a structured way to answer interview questions with a specific example and a clear outcome.
- Panel interview behaviour
- Maintain eye contact, sit upright, speak clearly, greet politely, and answer one point at a time; stay calm during rapid-fire or stress questions.
- Interview self-knowledge
- Be ready to discuss your academic record, extracurricular activities, family background, and specific reasons for choosing the cadet programme.
- Current affairs awareness
- Know recent major national and international events, leaders of key institutions, and Pakistan's defence setup; verify facts from official sources.