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Korea Computerized Accounting Level 2 study materials
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Korea Computerized Accounting Level 2 practice questions

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Question 1Accounting principles (basic accounting concepts, accounts, journalizing, ledgers, trial balance)

In double-entry bookkeeping, which statement describes the accounting equation that underlies every journal entry?

  1. Assets equal liabilities minus equity, so debits always exceed credits.
  2. Assets equal equity minus liabilities, so credits always exceed debits.
  3. Assets equal liabilities plus equity, so total debits must equal total credits. Correct answer.
  4. Revenue equals expenses plus equity, so debits always exceed credits.

Explanation

The accounting equation is Assets = Liabilities + Equity. Because every transaction affects at least two accounts and the equation stays balanced, total debits equal total credits in every entry.

Question 2Accounting principles (basic accounting concepts, accounts, journalizing, ledgers, trial balance)

A company receives 5,000,000 won cash for services already performed and billed last month. Which journal entry records this collection?

  1. Debit Cash 5,000,000; credit Service Revenue 5,000,000.
  2. Debit Cash 5,000,000; credit Accounts Receivable 5,000,000. Correct answer.
  3. Debit Service Revenue 5,000,000; credit Accounts Receivable 5,000,000.
  4. Debit Accounts Receivable 5,000,000; credit Cash 5,000,000.

Explanation

Collection of a receivable increases Cash (debit) and decreases Accounts Receivable (credit). Revenue was already recognized when the service was billed, so it is not recorded again.

Question 3Accounting principles (basic accounting concepts, accounts, journalizing, ledgers, trial balance)

Which of the following is classified as a liability account in the chart of accounts?

  1. Unearned Revenue Correct answer.
  2. Accumulated Depreciation
  3. Retained Earnings
  4. Prepaid Insurance

Explanation

Unearned Revenue represents cash received before the service is delivered, creating an obligation to perform, so it is a liability. Prepaid Insurance is an asset, and Retained Earnings is equity.

Question 4Accounting principles (basic accounting concepts, accounts, journalizing, ledgers, trial balance)

A trial balance totals debits of 8,400,000 won and credits of 8,400,000 won, yet a 900,000 won cash sale was recorded as a debit to Cash and a debit to Sales. What does this reveal?

  1. The trial balance balances only because the error was offset elsewhere.
  2. The error cannot exist because the trial balance is balanced.
  3. A balanced trial balance does not guarantee error-free records. Correct answer.
  4. The Sales account must have a debit balance by design.

Explanation

A trial balance only proves that total debits equal total credits. An error that records equal debits on both sides, such as debiting Cash and Sales, keeps the totals equal while leaving the ledger wrong.

Question 5Accounting principles (basic accounting concepts, accounts, journalizing, ledgers, trial balance)

Under accrual accounting, when should revenue from a service performed in December but billed in January be recognized?

  1. In February, when the customer is expected to pay.
  2. When the cash is finally collected from the customer.
  3. In January, when the invoice is issued to the customer.
  4. In December, when the service obligation was fulfilled. Correct answer.

Explanation

Accrual accounting recognizes revenue when the performance obligation is satisfied, not when cash moves. Because the service was performed in December, revenue belongs to December even though billing and collection occur later.

Question 6Accounting principles (basic accounting concepts, accounts, journalizing, ledgers, trial balance)

Which document is the primary source for recording a credit purchase of merchandise on account?

  1. The bank statement for the period
  2. The payroll register for the month
  3. The purchase invoice received from the supplier Correct answer.
  4. The customer's sales receipt

Explanation

A credit purchase is supported by the supplier's invoice, which shows the goods, amounts, and payment terms. This document authorizes the debit to Purchases or Inventory and the credit to Accounts Payable.

Question 7Accounting principles (basic accounting concepts, accounts, journalizing, ledgers, trial balance)

A firm pays 1,200,000 won cash for three months of rent in advance on the first day of the month. Which entry is correct at the payment date?

  1. Debit Cash 1,200,000; credit Prepaid Rent 1,200,000.
  2. Debit Rent Expense 1,200,000; credit Cash 1,200,000.
  3. Debit Prepaid Rent 400,000; credit Rent Expense 400,000.
  4. Debit Prepaid Rent 1,200,000; credit Cash 1,200,000. Correct answer.

Explanation

A payment for future benefit creates an asset, Prepaid Rent, which is debited while Cash is credited. The expense is recognized later as each month of coverage elapses.

Question 8Accounting principles (basic accounting concepts, accounts, journalizing, ledgers, trial balance)

Which account is closed to the retained earnings account at the end of the fiscal year?

  1. Accounts Receivable
  2. Prepaid Expenses
  3. Dividends (or owner's drawings) Correct answer.
  4. Accumulated Depreciation

Explanation

Temporary accounts, including revenue, expense, and dividend accounts, are closed at year-end. Dividends reduce retained earnings, so they are closed directly against that equity account.

Question 9Accounting principles (basic accounting concepts, accounts, journalizing, ledgers, trial balance)

A ledger entry debits Equipment for 12,000,000 won and credits Cash for 12,000,000 won. What is the effect on the accounting equation?

  1. Assets increase and liabilities decrease.
  2. Total assets decrease by 12,000,000 won.
  3. Assets increase and equity increases.
  4. Total assets remain unchanged. Correct answer.

Explanation

Equipment increases by the same amount that Cash decreases, so the asset total is unaffected. The equation stays balanced because one asset is simply exchanged for another.

Question 10Accounting principles (basic accounting concepts, accounts, journalizing, ledgers, trial balance)

Which of the following best describes the purpose of a general ledger?

  1. To list every transaction in date order before posting
  2. To record only cash receipts and cash payments
  3. To summarize the balances of all accounts in one place Correct answer.
  4. To prove that debits equal credits at period end

Explanation

The general ledger holds all individual accounts and their running balances, providing the source for financial statements. Transactions are first recorded in the journal and then posted to these accounts.

Question 11Accounting principles (basic accounting concepts, accounts, journalizing, ledgers, trial balance)

A company records depreciation of 500,000 won on office equipment. Which entry reflects the standard treatment?

  1. Debit Equipment 500,000; credit Cash 500,000.
  2. Debit Depreciation Expense 500,000; credit Equipment 500,000.
  3. Debit Depreciation Expense 500,000; credit Accumulated Depreciation 500,000. Correct answer.
  4. Debit Accumulated Depreciation 500,000; credit Depreciation Expense 500,000.

Explanation

Depreciation allocates an asset's cost to expense over its useful life. The expense is debited, and the credit goes to Accumulated Depreciation, a contra-asset that preserves the original cost in the Equipment account.

Question 12Accounting principles (basic accounting concepts, accounts, journalizing, ledgers, trial balance)

Which pair of accounts both normally carry a credit balance?

  1. Accounts Payable and Sales Revenue Correct answer.
  2. Cash and Accounts Payable
  3. Sales Revenue and Accounts Receivable
  4. Inventory and Cost of Goods Sold

Explanation

Liabilities and revenues increase on the credit side, so Accounts Payable and Sales Revenue both normally show credit balances. Assets and expenses normally carry debit balances.

Question 13Accounting principles (basic accounting concepts, accounts, journalizing, ledgers, trial balance)

A trial balance shows Supplies of 800,000 won, but a physical count reveals only 300,000 won on hand. Which adjusting entry is required?

  1. Debit Supplies 500,000; credit Supplies Expense 500,000.
  2. Debit Supplies 300,000; credit Supplies Expense 300,000.
  3. Debit Supplies Expense 800,000; credit Cash 800,000.
  4. Debit Supplies Expense 500,000; credit Supplies 500,000. Correct answer.

Explanation

The 500,000 won difference between the recorded balance and the physical count represents supplies consumed. That amount is moved from the asset account to expense by debiting Supplies Expense and crediting Supplies.

Question 14Accounting principles (basic accounting concepts, accounts, journalizing, ledgers, trial balance)

Which statement about a compound journal entry is correct?

  1. It must contain exactly one debit and one credit to remain valid.
  2. It may be recorded without equal debits and credits if approved.
  3. It is used only for correcting errors found in the trial balance.
  4. It may contain more than one debit or more than one credit but must still balance. Correct answer.

Explanation

A compound entry combines several accounts in one transaction, with multiple debits, multiple credits, or both. Regardless of how many lines appear, total debits must equal total credits.

Question 15Accounting principles (basic accounting concepts, accounts, journalizing, ledgers, trial balance)

A payment of 300,000 won on account was recorded as a debit to Accounts Payable 300,000 and a credit to Cash 300,000. What type of error, if any, was made?

  1. The entry should have debited an expense account.
  2. The debit should have been to Cash and the credit to Accounts Payable.
  3. No error; the entry is correct. Correct answer.
  4. Both amounts should have been recorded twice.

Explanation

Paying a supplier reduces the liability, so Accounts Payable is debited, and cash leaves the business, so Cash is credited. The recorded entry matches this pattern and is correct.

Question 16Accounting principles (basic accounting concepts, accounts, journalizing, ledgers, trial balance)

Which financial statement is prepared directly from the adjusted trial balance and reports assets, liabilities, and equity at a point in time?

  1. Income statement
  2. Statement of cash flows
  3. Statement of retained earnings
  4. Statement of financial position (balance sheet) Correct answer.

Explanation

The balance sheet reports the balances of asset, liability, and equity accounts as of a specific date. It is drawn from the adjusted ledger balances after closing or adjusting as appropriate.

Question 17Accounting principles (basic accounting concepts, accounts, journalizing, ledgers, trial balance)

A company borrows 10,000,000 won from a bank, depositing the funds in its account. Which entry is correct?

  1. Debit Cash 10,000,000; credit Loans Payable 10,000,000. Correct answer.
  2. Debit Loans Payable 10,000,000; credit Cash 10,000,000.
  3. Debit Loans Payable 10,000,000; credit Capital 10,000,000.
  4. Debit Cash 10,000,000; credit Capital 10,000,000.

Explanation

Borrowing increases the asset Cash and creates an obligation, Loans Payable, which is a liability. The entry therefore debits Cash and credits Loans Payable.

Question 18Accounting principles (basic accounting concepts, accounts, journalizing, ledgers, trial balance)

Which of the following is an example of an error that a trial balance would fail to detect?

  1. Recording a 900,000 won debit as 90,000 won
  2. Posting a debit entry to the credit side of the same account
  3. Omitting a credit entry entirely from the journal
  4. Recording a purchase of equipment as a debit to Equipment and a debit to Cash Correct answer.

Explanation

Debiting both Equipment and Cash keeps total debits and credits equal, so the trial balance still balances even though the entry is wrong. Errors that keep totals equal escape detection this way.

Question 19Accounting principles (basic accounting concepts, accounts, journalizing, ledgers, trial balance)

What is the effect of earning service revenue on account on the accounting equation?

  1. Assets increase and equity decreases.
  2. Equity increases and liabilities decrease.
  3. Assets increase and equity increases. Correct answer.
  4. Assets increase and liabilities increase.

Explanation

Earning revenue on account increases Accounts Receivable, an asset, and increases revenue, which flows into equity. The equation stays balanced as both assets and equity rise by the same amount.

Question 20Accounting principles (basic accounting concepts, accounts, journalizing, ledgers, trial balance)

In a cash receipts journal, which transaction would normally be recorded?

  1. Sale of merchandise for cash Correct answer.
  2. Depreciation of office equipment
  3. Purchase of merchandise on credit
  4. Payment of wages by bank transfer

Explanation

A cash receipts journal records all inflows of cash, of which a cash sale is a typical example. Credit purchases, cash payments, and non-cash adjustments belong in other records.

Question 21Accounting principles (basic accounting concepts, accounts, journalizing, ledgers, trial balance)

A firm's trial balance has total debits of 50,000,000 won and total credits of 49,600,000 won. Which explanation is most consistent with a 400,000 won difference?

  1. An omitted credit entry of 400,000 won Correct answer.
  2. A sale recorded twice with equal debits and credits
  3. A purchase recorded in the wrong account but with equal debits and credits
  4. A transposition error of 400,000 won in one account

Explanation

When debits exceed credits by a specific amount, a missing credit of that exact amount is a likely cause. A single omission on the credit side leaves the totals unequal by that amount.

Question 22Accounting principles (basic accounting concepts, accounts, journalizing, ledgers, trial balance)

Which account would appear in the post-closing trial balance?

  1. Service Revenue
  2. Accounts Payable Correct answer.
  3. Salaries Expense
  4. Income Summary

Explanation

The post-closing trial balance contains only permanent balance sheet accounts after temporary accounts are closed. Accounts Payable is a liability and remains open into the next period.

Question 23Accounting principles (basic accounting concepts, accounts, journalizing, ledgers, trial balance)

A company prepaid insurance of 2,400,000 won for twelve months and has consumed four months by year-end. What adjusting entry is needed?

  1. Debit Insurance Expense 800,000; credit Prepaid Insurance 800,000. Correct answer.
  2. Debit Insurance Expense 1,600,000; credit Prepaid Insurance 1,600,000.
  3. Debit Prepaid Insurance 800,000; credit Insurance Expense 800,000.
  4. Debit Insurance Expense 2,400,000; credit Prepaid Insurance 2,400,000.

Explanation

Monthly insurance cost is 200,000 won, so four months consumed equals 800,000 won of expense. The adjustment debits Insurance Expense and credits Prepaid Insurance for that amount.

Question 24Accounting principles (basic accounting concepts, accounts, journalizing, ledgers, trial balance)

Which statement correctly distinguishes a debit from a credit in accounting?

  1. A debit is a left-side entry and a credit is a right-side entry, regardless of increase or decrease. Correct answer.
  2. A credit always increases an account and a debit always decreases it.
  3. Debits and credits refer to whether a transaction is favorable or unfavorable.
  4. A debit always increases an account and a credit always decreases it.

Explanation

Debit and credit denote the left and right sides of an account, not favorable or unfavorable outcomes. Whether a given side increases or decreases an account depends on the account's normal balance.

Question 25Accounting principles (basic accounting concepts, accounts, journalizing, ledgers, trial balance)

A company collects 2,000,000 won cash from a customer for work to be performed next month. Which entry is correct?

  1. Debit Cash 2,000,000; credit Service Revenue 2,000,000.
  2. Debit Accounts Receivable 2,000,000; credit Service Revenue 2,000,000.
  3. Debit Unearned Revenue 2,000,000; credit Cash 2,000,000.
  4. Debit Cash 2,000,000; credit Unearned Revenue 2,000,000. Correct answer.

Explanation

Cash received before the service is delivered creates an obligation to perform, recorded as Unearned Revenue, a liability. Revenue is recognized only when the service is later performed.

Question 26Accounting principles (basic accounting concepts, accounts, journalizing, ledgers, trial balance)

Which accounting assumption provides the basis for recording assets at their original acquisition cost rather than at current market value?

  1. Historical cost principle Correct answer.
  2. Matching principle
  3. Going concern assumption
  4. Revenue recognition principle

Explanation

The historical cost principle requires that assets and liabilities be recorded at the exchange price at the time of the transaction, which is verifiable and objective. Increases in market value are generally not recognized until realized. The other principles address continuity, timing of revenue, and expense matching, not measurement basis.

Question 27Accounting principles (basic accounting concepts, accounts, journalizing, ledgers, trial balance)

A company receives 5,000,000 won cash from a customer for services already performed. Which journal entry records this transaction?

  1. Debit Service Revenue 5,000,000; credit Cash 5,000,000
  2. Debit Cash 5,000,000; credit Service Revenue 5,000,000
  3. Debit Accounts Receivable 5,000,000; credit Service Revenue 5,000,000
  4. Debit Cash 5,000,000; credit Accounts Receivable 5,000,000 Correct answer.

Explanation

The revenue was already recognized when the service was performed, creating a receivable. Collecting cash settles that receivable, so Cash is debited and Accounts Receivable is credited. Recording revenue again would double-count income.

Question 28Accounting principles (basic accounting concepts, accounts, journalizing, ledgers, trial balance)

Which of the following transactions increases one asset and decreases another asset with no effect on total equity?

  1. Purchasing office supplies on credit
  2. Paying a supplier account with cash
  3. Earning service revenue on account
  4. Purchasing equipment with cash Correct answer.

Explanation

Buying equipment with cash debits Equipment and credits Cash, so total assets are unchanged and equity is unaffected. This is an asset exchange. The other transactions either create liabilities or increase equity.

Question 29Accounting principles (basic accounting concepts, accounts, journalizing, ledgers, trial balance)

In a double-entry accounting system, which statement correctly describes the normal balance of the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts?

  1. It is an asset account with a normal debit balance
  2. It is a liability account with a normal credit balance
  3. It is a revenue account with a normal credit balance
  4. It is a contra-asset account with a normal credit balance Correct answer.

Explanation

The allowance for doubtful accounts is a contra-asset account presented as a deduction from Accounts Receivable. Because it reduces an asset, it carries a normal credit balance. It is not a liability or revenue account.

Question 30Accounting principles (basic accounting concepts, accounts, journalizing, ledgers, trial balance)

A firm has total debits of 84,000,000 won and total credits of 84,600,000 won in its unadjusted trial balance. Which conclusion is most appropriate?

  1. The trial balance proves the ledger is accurate
  2. A recording error exists and must be located before proceeding Correct answer.
  3. The difference should be posted to retained earnings as a gain
  4. The accounts are correct because the difference is small

Explanation

A trial balance must have equal debits and credits. A 600,000 won difference indicates a mathematical or posting error that must be found and corrected before financial statements are prepared. Small differences are not acceptable.

Question 31Accounting principles (basic accounting concepts, accounts, journalizing, ledgers, trial balance)

Which of the following errors would a trial balance still fail to detect?

  1. Posting a debit of 500,000 won as a credit of 500,000 won
  2. Debiting Cash and crediting Cash for the same amount
  3. Omitting a credit entry entirely from the ledger
  4. Recording a 900,000 won sale as 90,000 won in both the journal and ledger Correct answer.

Explanation

A trial balance only checks that total debits equal total credits. Recording the same wrong amount on both sides keeps the totals equal, so the error goes undetected. The other errors create unequal totals.

Question 32Accounting principles (basic accounting concepts, accounts, journalizing, ledgers, trial balance)

Which account is increased by a debit entry?

  1. Prepaid Insurance Correct answer.
  2. Service Revenue
  3. Accounts Payable
  4. Retained Earnings

Explanation

Prepaid Insurance is an asset account, and assets increase with debits. Liabilities, revenues, and equity accounts increase with credits. Therefore only the asset account is increased by a debit.

Question 33Accounting principles (basic accounting concepts, accounts, journalizing, ledgers, trial balance)

A company records a 400,000 won cash purchase of supplies by debiting Supplies 400,000 and crediting Cash 400,000. Later it discovers the supplies were actually purchased on account. Which correcting entry is appropriate?

  1. Debit Supplies 400,000; credit Accounts Payable 400,000
  2. Debit Accounts Payable 400,000; credit Cash 400,000
  3. Debit Cash 400,000; credit Accounts Payable 400,000 Correct answer.
  4. Debit Cash 400,000; credit Supplies 400,000

Explanation

The original entry wrongly reduced Cash. Since the purchase was on account, Cash should be restored with a debit and Accounts Payable recorded with a credit. The Supplies debit was correct and needs no adjustment.

Question 34Accounting principles (basic accounting concepts, accounts, journalizing, ledgers, trial balance)

Which of the following is an internal source document used to support a journal entry?

  1. A check stub retained by the payer Correct answer.
  2. A purchase order received from a customer
  3. A bank statement mailed by the bank
  4. A supplier's invoice received with goods

Explanation

A check stub is prepared internally by the business when it issues payment, so it is an internal document. Supplier invoices, bank statements, and customer purchase orders originate outside the entity.

Question 35Accounting principles (basic accounting concepts, accounts, journalizing, ledgers, trial balance)

A company has assets of 120,000,000 won and liabilities of 45,000,000 won. It then borrows 20,000,000 won from a bank. What is total equity after the borrowing?

  1. 100,000,000 won
  2. 55,000,000 won
  3. 95,000,000 won
  4. 75,000,000 won Correct answer.

Explanation

Equity equals assets minus liabilities: 120,000,000 minus 45,000,000 equals 75,000,000 won. Borrowing cash increases both assets and liabilities by the same amount, so equity is unchanged.

Question 36Accounting principles (basic accounting concepts, accounts, journalizing, ledgers, trial balance)

A firm records a 700,000 won credit sale by debiting Accounts Receivable 700,000 and crediting Sales 700,000. Which statement about this entry is correct?

  1. It correctly records revenue when the sale is made under accrual accounting Correct answer.
  2. It overstates assets because revenue should not be recorded until cash is received
  3. It violates the matching principle because no expense is recorded
  4. It should instead debit Cash because the sale is a revenue transaction

Explanation

Under accrual accounting, revenue is recognized when the performance obligation is satisfied, which occurs at the time of sale. The entry correctly increases both a receivable and revenue. Cash is not affected until collection.

Question 37Accounting principles (basic accounting concepts, accounts, journalizing, ledgers, trial balance)

Which of the following is classified as a nominal (temporary) account?

  1. Unearned Revenue
  2. Interest Expense Correct answer.
  3. Equipment
  4. Accounts Receivable

Explanation

Nominal accounts include revenues, expenses, and dividends, which are closed at year-end. Interest Expense is a nominal account. Unearned Revenue, Equipment, and Accounts Receivable are real (permanent) balance sheet accounts.

Question 38Accounting principles (basic accounting concepts, accounts, journalizing, ledgers, trial balance)

A company pays 600,000 won cash for a one-year insurance policy on the first day of the month. What is the effect on the accounting equation at the time of payment?

  1. Assets are unchanged and equity is unchanged Correct answer.
  2. Assets increase and liabilities increase
  3. Assets decrease and liabilities decrease
  4. Assets decrease and equity decreases

Explanation

Paying for insurance converts one asset (Cash) into another asset (Prepaid Insurance), so total assets and equity remain unchanged. Expense recognition occurs later as coverage is consumed.

Question 39Accounting principles (basic accounting concepts, accounts, journalizing, ledgers, trial balance)

A firm's ledger shows Accounts Payable with a debit balance of 200,000 won at month-end. Which explanation is most likely correct?

  1. The firm failed to record any payments to suppliers
  2. The firm has an unusual credit balance in a liability account
  3. The firm recorded a purchase on account during the month
  4. The firm overpaid a supplier, creating a receivable-like balance Correct answer.

Explanation

Accounts Payable normally carries a credit balance. A debit balance typically means payments to suppliers exceeded amounts owed, creating a prepayment that is effectively a receivable. This is not the result of routine credit purchases.

Question 40Accounting principles (basic accounting concepts, accounts, journalizing, ledgers, trial balance)

Which of the following best describes the dual effect recorded in every transaction under double-entry bookkeeping?

  1. Every transaction increases one account and decreases another
  2. Every transaction affects at least two accounts with equal debits and credits Correct answer.
  3. Every transaction must be recorded in two separate journals
  4. Every transaction affects both an asset and a liability account

Explanation

Double-entry bookkeeping requires each transaction to be recorded with equal total debits and credits across at least two accounts. The affected accounts may be of any type, and the entry is recorded once in the journal.

Question 41Financial accounting (asset, liability, equity, revenue and expense accounting)

기업이 상품을 외상으로 판매할 때 적용되는 분개로 옳은 것은?

  1. 차변: 외상매출금, 대변: 상품매출 Correct answer.
  2. 차변: 외상매입금, 대변: 상품매출
  3. 차변: 상품매출, 대변: 외상매출금
  4. 차변: 현금, 대변: 상품매출

Explanation

외상판매는 재화를 인도하고 대금을 나중에 받기로 한 거래이므로 매출채권인 외상매출금이 증가하여 차변에 기입되고, 수익인 상품매출이 발생하여 대변에 기입된다. 현금이 즉시 회수되지 않았으므로 현금 계정은 사용하지 않는다.

Question 42Financial accounting (asset, liability, equity, revenue and expense accounting)

다음 중 부채로 분류되는 계정과목은?

  1. 미수수익
  2. 선급보험료
  3. 이월상품
  4. 선수수익 Correct answer.

Explanation

선수수익은 아직 제공하지 않은 용역이나 재화에 대해 대금을 미리 받은 금액으로, 미래에 의무를 이행해야 하는 부채이다. 선급보험료는 자산, 미수수익은 자산, 이월상품은 재고자산에 해당한다.

Question 43Financial accounting (asset, liability, equity, revenue and expense accounting)

기말에 미지급이자를 계상하는 분개로 옳은 것은?

  1. 차변: 이자비용, 대변: 현금
  2. 차변: 이자비용, 대변: 미지급이자 Correct answer.
  3. 차변: 미지급이자, 대변: 이자비용
  4. 차변: 선급이자, 대변: 이자비용

Explanation

발생기준주의에 따라 당기에 발생한 이자비용은 지급 여부와 관계없이 비용으로 인식하고, 지급하지 않은 부분은 미지급이자라는 부채로 계상한다. 따라서 비용이 증가하는 차변과 부채가 증가하는 대변이 짝을 이룬다.

Question 44Financial accounting (asset, liability, equity, revenue and expense accounting)

유형자산의 감가상각 누계액에 대한 설명으로 옳은 것은?

  1. 매기 비용으로만 인식되고 자산에서 차감되지 않는다
  2. 자산의 취득원가를 증가시키는 계정이다
  3. 자산의 장부금액을 감소시키는 차감 계정이다 Correct answer.
  4. 부채로 분류되는 평가 계정이다

Explanation

감가상각누계액은 유형자산의 취득원가에서 차감하여 장부금액을 감소시키는 평가성 차감 계정(contra asset)이다. 감가상각비는 비용으로 손익계산서에 반영되고, 누계액은 재무상태표에서 자산을 차감한다.

Question 45Financial accounting (asset, liability, equity, revenue and expense accounting)

자본금 계정에 대한 설명으로 옳은 것은?

  1. 기업이 벌어들인 이익잉여금을 누적하는 계정이다
  2. 주주가 출자한 납입자본을 기록하는 계정이다 Correct answer.
  3. 주주에게 배당한 금액을 누적하는 계정이다
  4. 영업활동으로 발생한 수익을 기록하는 계정이다

Explanation

자본금은 주주가 기업에 출자한 금액 중 자본금으로 계상한 납입자본을 기록하는 자본 계정이다. 이익잉여금이나 배당, 영업수익과는 구분되는 별개의 계정이다.

Question 46Financial accounting (asset, liability, equity, revenue and expense accounting)

상품을 매입할 때 발생하는 매입부대비용(운반비)을 매입원가에 포함하는 처리로 옳은 것은?

  1. 차변: 운반비(비용), 대변: 현금
  2. 차변: 매입운반비(판매비), 대변: 외상매입금
  3. 차변: 상품매입, 대변: 현금 Correct answer.
  4. 차변: 상품매입, 대변: 상품매출

Explanation

매입과 직접 관련된 운반비는 재고자산의 취득원가에 포함하므로 상품매입 계정에 가산하여 처리한다. 이를 판매비로 처리하면 재고자산 원가가 과소 계상된다.

Question 47Financial accounting (asset, liability, equity, revenue and expense accounting)

매출채권의 대손을 추정하여 설정하는 대손충당금에 대한 설명으로 옳은 것은?

  1. 자본 항목으로 분류된다
  2. 부채로 분류되어 재무상태표에 표시된다
  3. 매출채권의 차감 계정으로 자산성을 감소시킨다 Correct answer.
  4. 실제로 회수불능이 확정된 채권만 기록한다

Explanation

대손충당금은 미래에 회수되지 않을 것으로 추정되는 금액을 미리 비용으로 인식하고 매출채권에서 차감하여 표시하는 평가성 차감 계정이다. 따라서 자산의 장부금액이 순액으로 감소한다.

Question 48Financial accounting (asset, liability, equity, revenue and expense accounting)

부가가치세가 포함된 현금매출 1,100,000원(부가세 포함, 세율 10%)을 기록할 때 상품매출로 인식할 금액은?

  1. 1,100,000원
  2. 1,210,000원
  3. 1,000,000원 Correct answer.
  4. 100,000원

Explanation

부가세 포함 금액 1,100,000원을 1.1로 나누면 공급가액 1,000,000원과 부가세 100,000원이 분리된다. 상품매출은 공급가액인 1,000,000원으로 인식하고 부가세예수금 100,000원은 부채로 기록한다.

Question 49Financial accounting (asset, liability, equity, revenue and expense accounting)

결산 시 선급비용으로 계상한 금액 중 당기에 소비된 부분을 비용으로 전환하는 분개는?

  1. 차변: 미지급비용, 대변: 해당 비용
  2. 차변: 해당 비용, 대변: 선급비용 Correct answer.
  3. 차변: 선급비용, 대변: 해당 비용
  4. 차변: 해당 비용, 대변: 현금

Explanation

선급비용은 자산으로 계상된 후 기간이 경과하여 효익이 소비되면 비용으로 대체된다. 따라서 비용이 증가하는 차변과 자산이 감소하는 대변으로 분개한다.

Question 50Financial accounting (asset, liability, equity, revenue and expense accounting)

다음 중 판매비와 관리비에 해당하는 계정과목은?

  1. 광고선전비 Correct answer.
  2. 매출원가
  3. 이자비용
  4. 유형자산처분손실

Explanation

광고선전비는 상품 판매를 촉진하기 위해 지출하는 판매비와 관리비 항목이다. 매출원가는 매출총이익 계산 전에 차감되고, 이자비용은 영업외비용, 유형자산처분손실도 영업외비용으로 분류된다.