Korean CSAT Korean key terms

One of the elective tracks in the Korean Language section, focusing on spoken communication strategies, audience analysis, and the composition of persuasive, informational, or expressive written texts.

The Korean Language elective centered on comprehending and analyzing expository, argumentative, and literary texts, including identifying structure, inference, and the author's intent across varied subject matter.

The Korean Language elective covering phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics of Korean, including sound rules, word formation, sentence structure, and historical change of the language.

A systematic sound change that occurs when morphemes combine, such as nasalization, tensification, or palatalization, tested through identifying the rule applied in given word forms.

The smallest meaningful unit of language, classified as free or bound and as lexical or grammatical, used to analyze how Korean words are built from stems, endings, and particles.

A grammatical category such as noun, verb, adjective, adverb, particle, or ending, used to classify Korean words by their form, function, and distribution within sentences.

A phrase or sentence that permits more than one interpretation because of structural or lexical ambiguity, commonly tested by asking which reading is possible or how context resolves the ambiguity.

A question type that presents two or more passages on related topics and asks the candidate to synthesize, compare, or apply concepts from one passage to the other.

Pre-modern Korean literary works, including sijo, gasa, pansori, and classical novels, tested for theme, speaker's attitude, and historical context, often alongside modern reinterpretations.

Twentieth-century and contemporary Korean poetry, fiction, and drama, tested for imagery, narrative structure, tone, and the relationship between the work and its historical setting.

The skill of interpreting a literary text by identifying figurative language, narrative perspective, structure, and the author's implied attitude, and by comparing multiple works on a shared theme.

The instantaneous rate of change of a function at a point, defined as the limit of the difference quotient, interpreted geometrically as the slope of the tangent line.

A function that assigns to each point the derivative of the original function, computed using differentiation rules and used to determine monotonicity, extrema, and concavity.

The value a function or sequence approaches as the input approaches a point or infinity, foundational to defining continuity, derivatives, and convergence in the Mathematics section.

A property of a function whose value at a point equals the limit there, so that the graph has no break, jump, or hole at that point.

A local maximum or minimum of a function, located where the derivative is zero or undefined and the sign of the derivative changes, often applied to optimization word problems.

The signed area under a curve between two bounds, defined as a limit of Riemann sums and connected to antiderivatives through the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.

A sequence in which consecutive terms differ by a constant, with general term and sum formulas frequently used in CSAT number-and-expression items.

A sequence in which each term after the first is obtained by multiplying the previous term by a fixed ratio, with convergence conditions depending on the size of that ratio.

An equation expressing a term of a sequence in terms of earlier terms, used to generate the sequence and to derive general-term or sum formulas.

A measure between zero and one of the likelihood of an event, computed by counting equally likely outcomes or by applying conditional probability and independence rules.

The probability of an event given that another event has occurred, computed as the ratio of their joint probability to the probability of the condition, central to Bayes-type problems.

The count of possible outcomes of a selection or arrangement, found using permutations, combinations, or the multiplication and addition principles.

An English section item type in which a word, phrase, or sentence is removed from a passage and the candidate selects the option that best restores coherence and logical flow.

Item types asking the candidate to identify the central subject or the core claim of a passage, distinguishing the main point from supporting details or examples.

An item type in which several sentences or paragraphs are given out of order and the candidate determines the sequence that produces a coherent, logically connected text.

An item type in which one sentence in a paragraph breaks the flow of the argument and must be identified as unrelated to the passage's topic or logic.

An item type asking what a highlighted expression suggests in context, requiring inference beyond the literal wording rather than direct paraphrase.

An English section item type in which a short passage contains underlined grammatical forms and the candidate judges which usage is incorrect or inappropriate.

An item type testing whether a word fits the meaning and collocation of a sentence, often by choosing between a word and its opposite within a short passage.

The 1392 transition in which Yi Seong-gye overthrew Goryeo and established the Joseon dynasty, later moving the capital to Hanyang and adopting Neo-Confucianism as state ideology.

The Korean alphabet created under King Sejong and promulgated in 1446, designed to represent Korean sounds systematically and now celebrated as a UNESCO Memory of the World document.

The Japanese invasions of Korea beginning in 1592, marked by naval victories under Yi Sun-sin and the destruction of much of the peninsula, leading to lasting regional and social change.

A late Joseon intellectual movement emphasizing practical reform in agriculture, administration, and technology, associated with scholars such as Jeong Yak-yong and Yu Hyeong-won.

A series of citizen protests and struggles for democratic government in modern Korea, including the 1960 April Revolution and the 1987 June Democratic Struggle.

The idea that political authority derives from an agreement among people, developed by Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau, and used in Social Studies to explain the origins and limits of state power.

Constitutionally guaranteed rights of individuals, such as equality, freedom, and the right to pursue happiness, which the state must protect and may restrict only under legal conditions.

A situation in which free markets allocate resources inefficiently, as with public goods, externalities, or monopoly, justifying government intervention in Economics questions.

The interaction determining equilibrium price and quantity, tested through shifts of curves caused by changes in income, prices of substitutes, technology, or input costs.

Judicial review by the Constitutional Court of whether laws or state actions violate the Constitution, including impeachment and dissolution of political parties.

The skill of reading short Classical Chinese passages, identifying characters, particles, and sentence patterns, and translating meaning into modern Korean.

A Classical Chinese character used mainly for grammatical rather than lexical meaning, such as 之, 者, or 也, whose function must be inferred from sentence position.

A fixed four-character Classical Chinese expression with a conventional meaning, tested by matching the idiom to a Korean gloss or to an appropriate situational context.