CSAT Vocational Inquiry key terms

Korean law requiring employers to prevent workplace accidents by assessing hazards, providing safety training, supplying protective equipment, and reporting serious incidents to authorities.

A structured process of identifying hazards at a worksite, estimating how likely and how severe harm could be, and deciding which controls to apply first.

Wearable gear such as helmets, gloves, goggles, and harnesses that shields a worker from hazards; it is the last line of defense after engineering and administrative controls.

Korean law that penalizes business owners and responsible managers when failures to build safety management systems lead to serious worker injuries or deaths.

Korean statute setting minimum standards for wages, working hours, rest periods, leave, and termination, protecting employees who are in a subordinate employment relationship.

A legally mandated hourly floor on wages, revised annually through a tripartite committee, below which employers may not pay any worker covered by the law.

Korea's compulsory social insurance schemes covering pension, health, employment, and industrial accident compensation, funded by shared employer and employee contributions.

Breeding plants or animals to obtain desirable traits such as yield, disease resistance, or quality, using selection, crossing, or modern molecular techniques.

The controlled production of healthy young plants in nursery beds or plug trays, managing temperature, moisture, and light before transplanting to the field.

A greenhouse or livestock facility that uses sensors and software to monitor and automatically control climate, irrigation, and feeding for stable, efficient production.

A certification system ensuring farm products are produced with safe pesticide and fertilizer use, proper hygiene, and environmental care from field to harvest.

A preventive food safety system that identifies biological, chemical, and physical hazards at each production step and sets critical limits at key control points.

Illness caused by eating food contaminated with pathogens, toxins, or chemicals, often resulting from temperature abuse or cross-contamination during handling and storage.

An uninterrupted series of refrigerated storage and transport steps that keeps perishable food, vaccines, or marine products within a safe temperature range from origin to consumer.

Substances in food the body needs for energy, growth, and regulation, grouped into carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water.

Mandatory information printed on packaged food, including ingredients, allergens, nutrition facts, origin, and expiry date, helping consumers choose safely.

The degree to which a perishable product retains its original quality, judged by appearance, smell, texture, and storage history; central to pricing marine and agricultural goods.

The farming of fish, shellfish, or seaweed in controlled ponds, tanks, or sea cages, managing feed, water quality, and disease to raise harvestable stock.

Contamination of seawater by oil spills, waste, or excess nutrients, harming marine ecosystems and the fisheries that depend on them.

The practice of determining and directing a ship's course safely using charts, compass, GPS, and rules for preventing collisions at sea.

Software used to create precise two- or three-dimensional drawings and models of parts and assemblies, which can be edited and shared for manufacturing.

The use of software to convert design models into machine instructions, generating tool paths and code that drive CNC machines and automated production equipment.

Machine tool operation in which a computer reads coded instructions to move cutting tools precisely, enabling repeatable machining of complex parts.

The permissible amount by which a manufactured dimension may vary from its nominal value while still allowing the part to function correctly.

A standardized technical drawing showing views, dimensions, symbols, and notes that communicate how a part or structure is to be made.

Standardized parts such as bolts, bearings, gears, and shafts that are combined to transmit motion and load in machines.

The transfer of mechanical energy from a source to a load through belts, gears, chains, or shafts, with speed and torque changed by ratios.

The relationship stating that voltage equals current multiplied by resistance in a circuit, used to calculate any one value when the other two are known.

A circuit in which components are connected end to end so the same current flows through each, and total resistance is the sum of individual resistances.

The rate at which electrical energy is transferred or consumed, equal to voltage multiplied by current and measured in watts.

Connecting exposed metal parts of equipment to earth so fault current flows safely away, reducing electric shock and fire risk.

A protective device that detects small currents leaking to earth and quickly cuts the circuit, preventing shock and fire.

A composite building material in which steel bars carry tensile stress while concrete resists compression, used for structural frames and slabs.

Planning and supervising construction work to prevent falls, collapses, and equipment accidents, including hazard checks, barriers, and worker briefings.

The systematic recording, classifying, and summarizing of financial transactions to produce statements that show a business's performance and position.

A document that records a single business transaction with its date, accounts, and amount, serving as the basis for bookkeeping entries.

Reports summarizing a company's financial results, chiefly the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement, used by stakeholders to judge performance.

Buying and selling goods or services over digital networks, including online stores, payment processing, order fulfillment, and customer data handling.

Legal and practical safeguards for collecting, using, and storing individuals' personal information, requiring consent and secure handling to prevent misuse or leaks.

Legal rights over creations of the mind such as inventions, designs, trademarks, and works of authorship, granting owners control over use and copying.

The exclusive right of a creator over an original work such as text, image, music, or software, covering reproduction, distribution, and adaptation for a set term.

The study of how hues combine and affect perception, including color wheels, contrast, and harmony, applied in design, printing, and visual communication.

The selection and arrangement of typefaces, sizes, and spacing to make text readable and expressive in print and screen layouts.

The way staff greet, assist, and resolve issues for customers, aiming to meet needs, build trust, and handle complaints professionally.

The ability to convey and receive information clearly through speaking, listening, writing, and body language, adapting style to the audience and situation.

The values and conduct expected in a workplace, such as honesty, responsibility, confidentiality, and respect for colleagues and customers.

Travel and activities of visitors away from home for leisure, business, or other purposes, supported by transport, lodging, and attraction services.

A bundled offering combining transport, accommodation, and activities sold at one price, designed and priced by travel agencies for specific customer groups.

The gap between what customers expect and what they actually experience, judged through reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and tangible elements.