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Korean Dentist National Examination study materials
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Korean Dentist National Examination practice questions

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Question 1Caries activity, mineral balance and restorative material mechanisms

For an enamel margin of a composite restoration, what is the purpose of phosphoric acid etching?

  1. To create microporosities that allow resin micromechanical retention Correct answer.
  2. To make enamel softer for caries progression
  3. To chemically cure the composite without light
  4. To eliminate the oxygen-inhibited layer before bonding

Explanation

Acid etching dissolves mineral selectively and creates enamel microporosities. Adhesive resin penetrates these spaces and forms resin tags, improving micromechanical retention.

Question 2Caries activity, mineral balance and restorative material mechanisms

Why might glass ionomer cement be useful for a cervical restoration in a high-caries-risk patient?

  1. It chemically bonds to tooth structure and releases fluoride Correct answer.
  2. It is always stronger than cast gold in occlusion
  3. It requires a completely dry field for ten minutes
  4. It cannot be affected by moisture during early setting

Explanation

Glass ionomer bonds ionically to enamel and dentin and can release fluoride, making it useful in selected cervical and high-caries-risk situations. Moisture control is still important because early water gain or loss can damage the material.

Question 3Caries activity, mineral balance and restorative material mechanisms

A Class II composite has an open proximal contact after curing. Which step most directly helps prevent this problem?

  1. Proper matrix adaptation and wedging before placement Correct answer.
  2. Skipping the matrix to improve visibility
  3. Polishing before the composite is inserted
  4. Using only a round bur after curing

Explanation

A stable matrix system and wedge create proximal contour and compensate for matrix thickness. Without adequate adaptation, the restoration may cure with an open contact that traps food and plaque.

Question 4Caries activity, mineral balance and restorative material mechanisms

Why does enamel not remodel after it is fully formed?

  1. Mature enamel is acellular and ameloblasts are lost after eruption Correct answer.
  2. Enamel contains blood vessels that remodel daily
  3. Odontoblasts continually replace enamel prisms
  4. Cementoblasts cover all occlusal enamel

Explanation

Enamel is highly mineralized and acellular after eruption, so it cannot remodel like bone. Remineralization can occur at the crystal surface, but lost enamel structure is not biologically regenerated by ameloblasts.

Question 5Caries activity, mineral balance and restorative material mechanisms

Which cells line the peripheral pulp and form dentin?

  1. Odontoblasts Correct answer.
  2. Ameloblasts
  3. Osteoclasts
  4. Keratinocytes

Explanation

Odontoblasts are specialized cells at the pulp-dentin border that form dentin and extend processes into dentinal tubules. Their response to caries and restorative procedures is central to dentin-pulp biology.

Question 6Caries activity, mineral balance and restorative material mechanisms

Which microbial trait helps Streptococcus mutans contribute to dental caries?

  1. It is acidogenic and aciduric within dental biofilm Correct answer.
  2. It cannot adhere to tooth surfaces
  3. It neutralizes all plaque acid permanently
  4. It lives only in sterile root canals

Explanation

S. mutans can produce acid from fermentable carbohydrates and tolerate acidic environments, supporting enamel demineralization in cariogenic biofilms. Caries risk still depends on diet, saliva, fluoride, host factors, and biofilm behavior.

Question 7Caries activity, mineral balance and restorative material mechanisms

Why is incremental placement often used for posterior resin composite restorations?

  1. To improve depth of cure and help manage polymerization shrinkage stress Correct answer.
  2. To prevent any need for adhesive bonding
  3. To make the composite chemically identical to amalgam
  4. To eliminate finishing and polishing

Explanation

Incremental placement can improve adaptation and adequate curing in an appropriate conventional resin system. Actual thickness, curing and stress behavior depend on the product and geometry; some bulk-fill systems have different validated instructions. No universal layering recipe follows from this mechanism question.

Question 8Caries activity, mineral balance and restorative material mechanisms

Why can eugenol-containing provisional cement interfere with definitive resin cementation?

  1. Eugenol can inhibit free-radical polymerization of resin materials Correct answer.
  2. Eugenol makes enamel grow back instantly
  3. Eugenol converts resin cement into amalgam
  4. Eugenol eliminates the need to clean the preparation

Explanation

Eugenol can inhibit polymerization of methacrylate resin materials and compromise bonding. When resin cementation is planned, non-eugenol provisional cement and careful cleaning of the preparation are commonly preferred.

Question 9Caries activity, mineral balance and restorative material mechanisms

During total-etch dentin bonding, why should etched dentin generally not be desiccated aggressively?

  1. Collagen can collapse, reducing primer penetration and bond strength Correct answer.
  2. Dentin must be completely burned to bond
  3. Water prevents every adhesive from polymerizing
  4. Desiccation increases pulp blood supply permanently

Explanation

After acid etching, dentin collagen needs enough moisture to remain expanded for primer infiltration in wet-bonding systems. Overdrying can collapse the collagen network and reduce hybrid-layer quality.

Question 10Endodontic diagnosis, disinfection, and structural prognosis

Which symptom is most consistent with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis rather than reversible pulpitis?

  1. Lingering thermal pain after the stimulus is removed Correct answer.
  2. Brief sensitivity only while drinking cold water
  3. No response to any pulp test and no symptoms
  4. Pain only when brushing exposed root dentin

Explanation

Lingering thermal pain is most consistent with the stated symptomatic irreversible pulpitis category among the options. Clinical labels organize the working diagnosis, but a duration alone does not prove histologic irreversibility or exclude every contemporary vital-pulp treatment. Integrate the complete examination, restorability and current guidance.

Question 11Endodontic diagnosis, disinfection, and structural prognosis

During root canal treatment, why is rubber dam isolation considered essential?

  1. It isolates the tooth, reduces contamination, and helps prevent aspiration or ingestion of instruments Correct answer.
  2. It replaces canal irrigation
  3. It removes the need for preoperative radiographs
  4. It guarantees that obturation length will be correct

Explanation

Rubber dam isolation protects the airway and maintains an aseptic field, both of which are central to endodontic success and patient safety. It does not replace other diagnostic or treatment steps.

Question 12Endodontic diagnosis, disinfection, and structural prognosis

A maxillary first molar access cavity is too far mesial and misses the distobuccal canal. What is the main clinical risk of poor access design?

  1. Missed anatomy and procedural errors such as perforation or weakened tooth structure Correct answer.
  2. Instant sterilization of all canals
  3. Improved ferrule height
  4. Elimination of the need for irrigation

Explanation

Endodontic access should allow straight-line entry while conserving tooth structure. Poor access increases missed canals, ledging, perforation, and restorative weakening.

Question 13Endodontic diagnosis, disinfection, and structural prognosis

What is the main purpose of establishing working length before canal shaping?

  1. To define the apical limit of cleaning, shaping, and obturation Correct answer.
  2. To choose the shade of the final restoration
  3. To determine the patient fee
  4. To eliminate the need for a coronal seal

Explanation

Working length controls how far instruments and filling materials should extend. Accurate length reduces under-instrumentation, over-instrumentation, postoperative pain, and damage to periapical tissues.

Question 14Endodontic diagnosis, disinfection, and structural prognosis

An endodontically treated mandibular molar has a narrow isolated periodontal probing defect and a J-shaped radiolucency. Which diagnosis should be strongly considered?

  1. Vertical root fracture Correct answer.
  2. Reversible pulpitis
  3. Simple enamel hypoplasia
  4. Normal healing after polishing

Explanation

A narrow isolated deep pocket on a root-filled tooth, especially with a J-shaped or halo radiolucency, is suspicious for vertical root fracture. Diagnosis may require bite testing, transillumination, CBCT in selected cases, or surgical exploration.

Question 15Endodontic diagnosis, disinfection, and structural prognosis

Direct pulp capping is most appropriate for which situation?

  1. A small mechanical pulp exposure in a tooth with a healthy or reversibly inflamed pulp Correct answer.
  2. A necrotic tooth with a sinus tract
  3. A tooth with uncontrolled spontaneous pain and swelling
  4. A root with a vertical fracture

Explanation

Among the supplied options, a favorable vital-pulp diagnosis and a clean manageable exposure support a pulp-preserving approach. Modern vital-pulp treatment selection is not restricted to exposure size alone or a mechanical cause; diagnosis, hemostasis, asepsis, material, restoration and current guidance matter.

Question 16Endodontic diagnosis, disinfection, and structural prognosis

A patient has sharp pain when biting on a cusp and especially when the bite is released. The tooth tests vital and has no deep caries. What condition is most likely?

  1. Cracked tooth syndrome Correct answer.
  2. Complete avulsion
  3. Denture stomatitis
  4. Internal resorption only

Explanation

Pain on release is a classic clue for cracked tooth syndrome because crack segments flex under occlusal load. The exam should include bite testing, transillumination, periodontal probing, and assessment of restorability.

Question 17Endodontic diagnosis, disinfection, and structural prognosis

After root canal instrumentation, a patient develops acute swelling and severe pain with fluctuant vestibular swelling. What is the most important treatment principle?

  1. Drainage and reassessment of canal disinfection, with analgesics and antibiotics only when indicated Correct answer.
  2. Immediate final crown cementation to seal in the swelling
  3. Tell the patient this proves the canal is sterile
  4. Use whitening gel inside the canal to reduce pressure

Explanation

An endodontic flare-up with swelling requires drainage through the canal or incision when possible and reassessment of the source. Antibiotics are adjuncts for systemic spread or high-risk patients, not a substitute for drainage and debridement.

Question 18Endodontic diagnosis, disinfection, and structural prognosis

A nonvital tooth has a well-defined periapical radiolucency. What is the most likely pathogenesis?

  1. Inflammation from infected necrotic pulp spreading to periapical tissues Correct answer.
  2. Normal periodontal ligament widening from orthodontic retention only
  3. A developmental cyst unrelated to the tooth apex in every case
  4. Radiographic burnout from cervical enamel

Explanation

A nonvital tooth with periapical radiolucency commonly reflects apical periodontitis, granuloma, abscess, or radicular cyst related to pulpal infection. Vitality testing and clinical signs guide diagnosis and treatment.

Question 19Endodontic diagnosis, disinfection, and structural prognosis

What does a conventional electric pulp test primarily assess?

  1. Neural response rather than direct pulpal blood flow Correct answer.
  2. The amount of calcium in root dentin
  3. The exact number of living pulp cells
  4. The diameter of the apical foramen

Explanation

Electric pulp testing elicits a sensory response and must be interpreted with other findings because it does not directly demonstrate pulpal circulation.

Question 20Endodontic diagnosis, disinfection, and structural prognosis

A recently traumatized immature permanent incisor does not respond to a sensibility test. What is the best interpretation?

  1. The tooth necessarily has a vertical root fracture
  2. Immediate extraction is required in every case
  3. The result proves that apical growth has stopped permanently
  4. One negative test alone does not establish pulp necrosis Correct answer.

Explanation

After trauma and in immature teeth, neural responsiveness may be unreliable; diagnosis should integrate history, serial testing, examination, and imaging.

Question 21Endodontic diagnosis, disinfection, and structural prognosis

Why should adjacent and contralateral teeth sometimes be tested during endodontic diagnosis?

  1. They eliminate the need to test the symptomatic tooth
  2. They provide comparison and help localize referred or poorly identified pain Correct answer.
  3. They establish that all nearby teeth require treatment
  4. They make a radiograph unnecessary in every case

Explanation

Comparative testing helps calibrate the patient's responses and discriminate a localized pulpal problem from referred pain or another source.

Question 22Endodontic diagnosis, disinfection, and structural prognosis

What is the principal function of an electronic apex locator?

  1. Measure crown shade
  2. Estimate the position of the canal terminus during working-length determination Correct answer.
  3. Determine the exact histologic status of the pulp
  4. Sterilize the apical third of the canal

Explanation

An apex locator contributes to working-length determination, which is integrated with anatomy, radiographic information, and a controlled instrumentation strategy.

Question 23Endodontic diagnosis, disinfection, and structural prognosis

Why is dental dam isolation essential during root canal treatment?

  1. It limits contamination and helps protect against ingestion of instruments or chemicals Correct answer.
  2. It makes access cavity design irrelevant
  3. It guarantees that every canal will be located
  4. It allows irrigant to be injected under unlimited pressure

Explanation

Dental dam isolation supports asepsis and protects the patient, but it does not replace careful irrigation, anatomical assessment, or sound operative technique.

Question 24Endodontic diagnosis, disinfection, and structural prognosis

Which property makes sodium hypochlorite particularly useful as an endodontic irrigant?

  1. Direct measurement of pulpal blood circulation
  2. Antimicrobial activity together with dissolution of organic tissue Correct answer.
  3. Reliable removal of all inorganic smear layer by itself
  4. Permanent strengthening of every instrumented root

Explanation

Sodium hypochlorite is valued for antimicrobial action and organic tissue dissolution; it must be delivered carefully to avoid injury beyond the root canal.

Question 25Endodontic diagnosis, disinfection, and structural prognosis

What is the main endodontic role of EDTA irrigation?

  1. Creation of an adhesive coronal restoration
  2. Chelation of inorganic components of the smear layer Correct answer.
  3. Replacement of all mechanical canal preparation
  4. Reliable dissolution of necrotic soft tissue as its primary action

Explanation

EDTA chelates mineral components and helps manage the inorganic smear layer, while cleaning the canal system still requires complementary mechanical and chemical measures.

Question 26Endodontic diagnosis, disinfection, and structural prognosis

Which irrigation practice reduces the risk of forcing sodium hypochlorite into periapical tissues?

  1. Inject forcefully whenever resistance increases
  2. Avoid binding the needle and use controlled delivery short of the canal terminus Correct answer.
  3. Ignore the working length after shaping begins
  4. Wedge the needle tightly at the apex

Explanation

A freely positioned needle and gentle, controlled irrigation reduce hydraulic pressure; working-length knowledge and awareness of root anatomy remain important safety measures.

Question 27Endodontic diagnosis, disinfection, and structural prognosis

When may limited-field CBCT be justified in endodontic assessment?

  1. For every tooth before any examination
  2. When a specific unresolved diagnostic question cannot adequately be answered by lower-dose information Correct answer.
  3. To guarantee identification of all microbial species
  4. To replace the medical history

Explanation

Three-dimensional imaging should address a defined diagnostic need and be justified by the expected benefit rather than ordered routinely without a clinical question.

Question 28Endodontic diagnosis, disinfection, and structural prognosis

A root-filled tooth has an isolated narrow deep probing defect. What important differential diagnosis should be considered?

  1. Vertical root fracture Correct answer.
  2. A benign color variation of enamel
  3. Dental fluorosis alone
  4. Normal physiological sulcus depth in every case

Explanation

An isolated narrow periodontal defect can occur with a vertical root fracture, although diagnosis requires integration with symptoms, imaging, and other clinical findings.

Question 29Endodontic diagnosis, disinfection, and structural prognosis

Sharp pain on release after biting a cusp raises suspicion for which condition?

  1. Generalized gingivitis as the sole explanation
  2. A normally exfoliating primary tooth in every adult
  3. An incidental missing third molar
  4. A cracked tooth Correct answer.

Explanation

A crack can allow cusp movement under load and produce pain on release; diagnosis requires targeted testing and assessment of crack extent.

Question 30Endodontic diagnosis, disinfection, and structural prognosis

Why may a sinus tract be traced with an appropriate radiopaque point during diagnosis?

  1. To help identify the source of drainage Correct answer.
  2. To mechanically seal the tract permanently
  3. To measure the patient's salivary flow rate
  4. To prove that the nearest tooth is the source without imaging

Explanation

Tracing a draining tract can help localize its origin because the opening may be distant from the causative tooth or lesion.

Question 31Endodontic diagnosis, disinfection, and structural prognosis

A previously treated tooth has persistent apical radiolucency. What should guide the next step?

  1. Automatic extraction regardless of symptoms or prognosis
  2. The color of the rubber dam used previously
  3. The assumption that every radiolucency is a cyst
  4. Clinical findings, healing history, technical factors, and restorability Correct answer.

Explanation

Persistent disease needs a reasoned assessment of possible causes and management options; radiographic appearance alone does not establish histology or mandate one treatment.

Question 32Endodontic diagnosis, disinfection, and structural prognosis

Why should root canal instrumentation remain controlled relative to the established working length?

  1. The radiographic apex is always identical to the ideal preparation endpoint
  2. Longer instrumentation always improves sealing
  3. Excessive apical instrumentation can injure tissues and extrude debris Correct answer.
  4. The apical tissues are insensitive to mechanical injury

Explanation

Working length and apical anatomy guide preparation to limit unnecessary tissue injury while creating a canal form suitable for cleaning and obturation.

Question 33Endodontic diagnosis, disinfection, and structural prognosis

How should a separated instrument within a root canal be assessed?

  1. Assume the fragment alone always causes apical infection
  2. Ignore the event because instruments are sterile
  3. Remove unlimited dentin until it is retrieved
  4. Consider infection status, position, remaining access, and risks of retrieval Correct answer.

Explanation

The clinical consequence depends on whether the fragment obstructs necessary cleaning and whether retrieval would create greater structural or procedural harm.

Question 34Periodontal diagnosis, risk, and long-term stability

What does clinical attachment loss measure in periodontal diagnosis?

  1. Loss of connective tissue attachment from the cementoenamel junction to the pocket base Correct answer.
  2. Only the current depth from gingival margin to pocket base
  3. The thickness of enamel at the cervical line
  4. The amount of calculus on a scaler

Explanation

Clinical attachment level relates the pocket base to a fixed landmark, usually the CEJ. Probing depth alone can be misleading when the gingival margin is enlarged or recessed.

Question 35Periodontal diagnosis, risk, and long-term stability

A patient has interdental attachment loss at multiple nonadjacent teeth and rapid progression compared with biofilm deposits. Which grading concept is most relevant?

  1. Periodontitis grade, reflecting rate of progression and risk factors Correct answer.
  2. Kennedy classification
  3. Angle classification only
  4. Black cavity classification

Explanation

Periodontitis staging describes severity and complexity; grading estimates progression rate and risk, including smoking, diabetes, and bone loss relative to age. Rapid progression relative to deposits supports a higher grade.

Question 36Periodontal diagnosis, risk, and long-term stability

What is the primary goal of scaling and root planing in initial periodontal therapy?

  1. Remove subgingival biofilm and calculus to reduce inflammation Correct answer.
  2. Polish enamel only for cosmetic gloss
  3. Increase pocket depth
  4. Create caries intentionally to test pulp vitality

Explanation

Scaling and root planing disrupts subgingival biofilm and removes calculus that supports inflammation. It is paired with oral hygiene instruction and risk-factor control.

Question 37Periodontal diagnosis, risk, and long-term stability

How does peri-implantitis differ from peri-implant mucositis?

  1. Peri-implantitis includes inflammatory tissue changes with progressive supporting bone loss Correct answer.
  2. Mucositis always includes implant mobility
  3. Peri-implantitis occurs only before implant placement
  4. Mucositis is a disease of natural teeth only

Explanation

Peri-implant mucositis is inflammation confined to soft tissues without progressive bone loss. Peri-implantitis includes inflammation plus supporting bone loss and can threaten implant survival.

Question 38Periodontal diagnosis, risk, and long-term stability

What does furcation involvement indicate?

  1. Periodontal attachment loss has extended into the root division area of a multirooted tooth Correct answer.
  2. The tooth is single-rooted with no periodontal disease
  3. Only enamel hypocalcification is present
  4. The pulp chamber is always exposed

Explanation

Furcation involvement occurs when periodontal destruction reaches the area between roots of a multirooted tooth. It complicates debridement, prognosis, and maintenance.

Question 39Periodontal diagnosis, risk, and long-term stability

A patient has punched-out interdental papillae, spontaneous gingival bleeding, pain, and halitosis. Which management principle is most appropriate?

  1. Treat as necrotizing periodontal disease with gentle debridement, risk-factor control, and systemic care when indicated Correct answer.
  2. Perform elective crown lengthening as the first step
  3. Ignore because necrotizing disease is painless
  4. Place implants immediately into the inflamed papillae

Explanation

Necrotizing periodontal diseases are painful infections associated with impaired host response, stress, smoking, poor nutrition, or immunosuppression. Initial management includes gentle debridement, antimicrobial therapy when systemic signs or risk justify it, pain control, and hygiene instruction.

Question 40Periodontal diagnosis, risk, and long-term stability

Why is diabetes control relevant in periodontal care?

  1. Poor glycemic control increases periodontal risk and periodontitis can worsen glycemic control Correct answer.
  2. Diabetes prevents plaque from forming
  3. Scaling is contraindicated in every diabetic patient
  4. Diabetes affects only enamel color

Explanation

Diabetes and periodontitis have a bidirectional relationship. Periodontal treatment planning should include medical history, glycemic control awareness, infection control, and maintenance.

Question 41Periodontal diagnosis, risk, and long-term stability

After active periodontal therapy, why is supportive periodontal maintenance scheduled?

  1. To monitor recurrence, reinforce plaque control, and remove deposits at risk-based intervals Correct answer.
  2. To replace all home care
  3. To guarantee no future attachment loss regardless of risk
  4. To avoid measuring pockets ever again

Explanation

Periodontitis is chronic and recurrence risk depends on plaque control, smoking, diabetes, residual pockets, and other factors. Maintenance visits reassess pockets, bleeding, deposits, and patient behavior.

Question 42Periodontal diagnosis, risk, and long-term stability

What finding most directly distinguishes periodontitis from plaque-induced gingivitis on an otherwise intact periodontium?

  1. Redness limited to the gingival margin
  2. Bleeding after gentle probing alone
  3. Loss of periodontal attachment attributable to periodontal disease Correct answer.
  4. Visible supragingival plaque alone

Explanation

Periodontitis involves destruction of the tooth-supporting attachment apparatus; bleeding and redness alone can occur with reversible gingival inflammation.

Question 43Periodontal diagnosis, risk, and long-term stability

A site has a probing depth of 4 mm and gingival recession of 2 mm from the cementoenamel junction. What is its clinical attachment level?

  1. 8 mm
  2. 6 mm Correct answer.
  3. 4 mm
  4. 2 mm

Explanation

With the gingival margin apical to the cementoenamel junction, clinical attachment loss is the probing depth plus recession.

Question 44Periodontal diagnosis, risk, and long-term stability

Why does a deep probing measurement not automatically prove that attachment has been lost?

  1. Probing depth measures only the width of attached gingiva
  2. Gingival enlargement can increase probing depth without apical attachment migration Correct answer.
  3. Every deep pocket represents vertical bone loss
  4. A periodontal probe cannot enter an inflamed sulcus

Explanation

A pseudopocket can arise from a coronally enlarged gingival margin; the attachment position must be related to a stable reference landmark.

Question 45Periodontal diagnosis, risk, and long-term stability

What does bleeding on probing most directly indicate at a periodontal site?

  1. A definitive diagnosis of vertical root fracture
  2. Inflammation of the probed tissues Correct answer.
  3. The exact amount of alveolar bone loss
  4. Certain future tooth loss at that site

Explanation

Bleeding on gentle probing is an inflammatory sign that must be interpreted with attachment measurements, risk factors, and longitudinal findings.

Question 46Periodontal diagnosis, risk, and long-term stability

Which instrument is designed to explore horizontal involvement of a molar furcation?

  1. An endodontic spreader
  2. A curved furcation probe Correct answer.
  3. An orthodontic bracket gauge
  4. A pulp tester

Explanation

A curved furcation probe follows root anatomy to assess horizontal entry into the interradicular space that a straight probe may miss.

Question 47Periodontal diagnosis, risk, and long-term stability

How should excessive occlusal loading be interpreted in a patient with plaque-induced periodontitis?

  1. It may contribute to mobility but does not replace biofilm control as an etiologic treatment target Correct answer.
  2. It proves that plaque is irrelevant
  3. It requires extraction of every mobile tooth
  4. It establishes a diagnosis from tooth wear alone

Explanation

Occlusal forces influence the periodontal ligament and tooth mobility, while inflammatory periodontal destruction still requires diagnosis and management of the microbial challenge.

Question 48Periodontal diagnosis, risk, and long-term stability

Why can a smoker have substantial periodontal destruction despite relatively little gingival bleeding?

  1. Tobacco smoke sterilizes the periodontal pocket
  2. Smoking can alter the inflammatory presentation and reduce visible bleeding Correct answer.
  3. Smoking prevents periodontal attachment loss
  4. Low bleeding guarantees periodontal stability

Explanation

Smoking increases periodontal risk and may mask obvious inflammatory signs, so attachment levels and radiographs remain important even when bleeding is limited.

Question 49Periodontal diagnosis, risk, and long-term stability

What is the appropriate interpretation of poorly controlled diabetes in periodontal treatment planning?

  1. It is a relevant systemic risk modifier that warrants coordination with medical care Correct answer.
  2. It proves that every periodontal pocket contains pus
  3. It makes all periodontal treatment futile
  4. It removes the need for plaque control

Explanation

Glycemic status influences periodontal risk and healing; an individualized plan integrates local infection control, medical information, and achievable self-care.

Question 50Periodontal diagnosis, risk, and long-term stability

What is the main objective of nonsurgical subgingival instrumentation?

  1. Create the smoothest possible crown surface
  2. Permanently eliminate every oral microorganism
  3. Remove all cementum from every root
  4. Disrupt subgingival biofilm and remove deposits that impede periodontal health Correct answer.

Explanation

Subgingival instrumentation reduces the local microbial burden and removes retentive deposits while preserving tooth structure rather than intentionally stripping the entire root.