Presidential Security Service Grade 7 Bodyguard Officer Exam key terms

A statement accepted as given for an argument; its role in an exercise does not establish its factual truth outside that exercise.

The claim an argument attempts to support using its premises; distinguish this claim from background information and a restatement of the evidence.

A condition whose truth guarantees another statement under a specified implication, without requiring that it be the only way to obtain that result.

A requirement that must hold if a target statement holds, although meeting the requirement alone need not guarantee the target statement.

The implication formed by reversing and negating a conditional: if P implies Q, then not Q implies not P in classical logic.

A situation consistent with the stated premises in which a proposed universal conclusion fails, demonstrating that the conclusion is not logically necessary.

A situation in which another factor influences the compared variables and can help explain an observed association without the proposed direct causal relationship.

The reference quantity in a ratio; changing this reference can change a percentage even when the numerator remains the same.

A combined average found by multiplying each value by its relevant weight, adding the products and dividing by the sum of weights.

A unit for the arithmetic difference between percentage values, distinct from relative percentage growth measured against an initial value.

A quantity expressed per unit of another quantity, such as completed cases per hour; identify the units before combining or converting rates.

The set of possible outcomes under a specified probability model; probabilities depend on which outcomes and selection assumptions the model includes.

The probability-weighted mean of possible numerical outcomes, representing a model average rather than a guaranteed result in one individual trial.

Systematic differences introduced by how observations enter a sample, limiting how reliably their observed pattern represents the intended target population.

An explicit restriction on permissible arrangements or decisions; a proposed solution is valid only if it satisfies every relevant restriction simultaneously.

A complete assignment that meets all stated restrictions; one example proves possibility but does not show that every solution has the same property.

An ordering requirement placing one item directly before another with no intervening item, stronger than an unspecified earlier position.

Permission for a particular action within a stated role and set of conditions; permission for one action does not automatically permit related actions.

Referral of an unresolved issue through the appropriate authorized decision route, accompanied by accurate evidence and the limits of the authority of the referring person.

A record of actions and changes that allows later review of what happened, when it happened and the evidence supporting a decision.