Korea Social Survey Analyst Grade 2 key terms
Korea Social Survey Analyst Grade 2 · Get comfortable with the vocabulary.
- Operational definition
The specified observable procedure or indicator used to represent an abstract concept in a particular research study.
- Sampling frame
The operational list or representation from which sampling units are selected, which may differ from the intended population.
- Stratified sample
A probability design that divides the population into groups and selects units within each group according to the design.
- Cluster sample
A design that selects groups of population units, with further sampling or complete observation inside selected groups.
- Coverage error
Error arising because the sampling frame excludes eligible units, includes ineligible units or otherwise misrepresents the target population.
- Construct validity
The extent to which evidence supports interpreting a measurement as an indicator of the intended theoretical construct.
- Pilot study
A preliminary investigation used to assess procedures, wording and feasibility before the full research operation begins.
- Codebook
Documentation describing variables, units, response values, missing-value codes and processing rules so another analyst can interpret the file.
- Range check
A data-quality check that identifies values outside the permitted or plausible range for a specified variable.
- Consistency check
A comparison of related fields to detect answers that cannot reasonably hold together under the survey definitions.
- Unit nonresponse
Failure to obtain a usable response from a sampled unit, distinct from an unanswered item in a returned questionnaire.
- Item nonresponse
A missing answer to a particular question within an otherwise participating unit’s survey response or data record.
- Imputation
Assigning a replacement value to missing data under an explicit method whose assumptions and effects should be evaluated.
- Interviewer effect
Variation in recorded responses associated with how interviewers contact, question, probe or record participants rather than the intended construct.
- Standard error
The standard deviation of an estimator’s sampling distribution, describing uncertainty from repeated sampling under the assumed design.
- Confidence level
The long-run proportion of intervals constructed by a specified valid procedure that would contain the fixed population parameter.
- P-value
The probability under the null model of a test statistic at least as extreme as the observed statistic.
- Type I error
Rejecting a null hypothesis that is true, with its probability controlled by the test’s stated significance framework.
- Statistical power
The probability of rejecting a false null hypothesis for a particular alternative and specified study or testing design.
- Residual
The observed outcome minus the value predicted by a fitted model for the same observation.