KS Pesticide Applicator flashcards
KS Pesticide Applicator · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Economic threshold
- The pest density at which the cost of control equals the value of crop loss prevented; treatment below this level generally is not economically justified.
- Action threshold
- A pest population level that triggers a management action, often set below the economic threshold to prevent the pest from reaching the economic injury level.
- Complete metamorphosis
- An insect life cycle with egg, larva, pupa, and adult stages; the larva usually feeds and grows while the pupa is a nonfeeding transition stage.
- Disease triangle
- A plant disease model requiring a susceptible host, a virulent pathogen, and favorable environmental conditions; managing any one component can reduce disease development.
- Resistance management
- Rotating pesticide modes of action and using nonchemical tactics to reduce selection pressure on pest populations and slow the evolution of pesticide resistance.
- Scouting
- Systematic field inspection that counts pests, records crop stage and damage, and provides the data used to compare pest density with action thresholds.
- Natural enemies
- Predators and parasitoids that attack pests; conserving them can suppress pest populations, while broad-spectrum pesticides may kill them and cause secondary outbreaks.
- LD50
- A measure of acute toxicity expressed as the dose in milligrams of pesticide per kilogram of test animal body weight that kills 50 percent of a test population.
- Signal word
- A label word indicating acute toxicity category: DANGER-POISON or DANGER for Category I, WARNING for Category II, and CAUTION for Category III.
- Dermal exposure
- Pesticide contact with skin, the most common exposure route for applicators; it can be reduced by chemical-resistant gloves, coveralls, and prompt washing.
- Restricted-entry interval
- The minimum time after a pesticide application that workers may enter a treated area without the label-required PPE; the REI is stated on the label.
- Cholinesterase inhibition
- A toxic effect of organophosphate and carbamate insecticides that can cause salivation, sweating, pinpoint pupils, vomiting, weakness, and respiratory problems.
- Heat stress
- A risk increased by PPE and hot weather; warning signs include headache, nausea, dizziness, confusion, and stopped sweating, requiring cooling and medical evaluation.
- First aid dermal
- For pesticide on skin, remove contaminated clothing, wash with soap and water, and seek medical help with the label or safety data sheet available.
- Label directions for use
- The label section that specifies approved sites, pests, application rates, timing, methods, and restrictions; using a product inconsistent with these directions is a violation.
- Preharvest interval
- The minimum number of days allowed between the last pesticide application and harvest of the labeled crop, as stated on the product label.
- EPA registration number
- An identifier assigned to a pesticide product after EPA review; it identifies the registered product but does not by itself guarantee safety or effectiveness.
- Restricted-use pesticide
- A pesticide that may be applied only by or under the direct supervision of a certified applicator because of human health or environmental risk.
- Section 24(c) registration
- A special local need registration that allows a state to add a use to a federally registered pesticide label for a specific local pest or site.
- Tank-mix compatibility
- The ability of two or more pesticide products to mix without curdling, settling, or forming clumps; a jar test can check compatibility before mixing in the tank.
- GPA formula
- Gallons per acre for a broadcast boom equals (gallons per minute × 5940) divided by (miles per hour × nozzle spacing in inches).
- Nozzle wear limit
- A nozzle should be replaced when its flow rate is more than 10 percent above the flow of a new nozzle or when its spray pattern is visibly distorted.
- Spray drift
- Movement of pesticide droplets or particles off the target area; risk rises with smaller droplets, higher boom height, higher pressure, and stronger wind.
- Agitation
- Mixing in the spray tank that keeps suspensions and emulsions uniform; some formulations require continuous agitation to prevent settling or separation.
- Boom height
- The distance from nozzles to the target; correct height gives proper overlap for flat-fan nozzles, while excessive height increases drift and uneven coverage.
- Calibration
- The process of measuring actual spray output and adjusting speed, pressure, or nozzles so the applicator applies the labeled rate uniformly to the target area.
- Leaching
- Downward movement of pesticides through soil with water; risk is higher for highly soluble products, sandy soils, low organic matter, and heavy rainfall or irrigation.
- Runoff
- Movement of pesticide over the soil surface into surface water; vegetative buffers and avoiding application before rain reduce the risk.
- Volatilization
- Conversion of a pesticide from liquid or solid to gas; high temperature, low humidity, and high vapor pressure increase the chance of vapor drift.
- Point-source pollution
- Contamination originating from a specific place such as a mixing/loading pad, spill, or container rinse area, rather than from broad field application.
- Triple rinse
- A container cleaning method: fill with water, rinse at least 30 seconds, drain into the spray tank, and repeat three times; pressure rinsing is an alternative.
- Endangered species label
- Label restrictions that protect listed species by limiting application sites, timing, or methods; applicators must check the label and any required online bulletins.