Kuwait Dental Board Advanced General Dentistry flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Working length definition

Distance from a coronal reference point to the apical constriction, typically 0.5-1.0 mm short of the radiographic apex, confirmed by an apex locator and a radiograph.

Caries detector dye

A dye that stains demineralised dentine; it is an adjunct to tactile and visual assessment and does not replace clinical judgement about excavation depth.

Sodium hypochlorite accident

Extrusion of irrigant beyond the apex causing sudden pain, rapid swelling, and tissue necrosis; treatment is immediate cessation, saline irrigation, analgesia, and airway monitoring.

Biologic width

The combined epithelial attachment and connective tissue attachment above the alveolar crest, about 2 mm; a restoration margin violating it causes chronic inflammation and bone loss.

Ante's law

The total root surface area of the abutments must equal or exceed that of the teeth being replaced for a fixed partial denture to be considered structurally sound.

Vibrating line

The imaginary line where the soft palate begins to move on phonation; the posterior palatal seal of a complete denture is placed at or near this line.

Kennedy classification

Classification of partially edentulous arches by the most posterior edentulous area: Class I bilateral posterior, Class II unilateral posterior, Class III unilateral bounded, Class IV anterior.

Mutually protected occlusion

An occlusal scheme in which anterior teeth disclude posterior teeth in mandibular excursion while posterior teeth contact in centric occlusion to protect the anterior teeth.

Periodontitis stage III

Interdental CAL of 5 mm or more, radiographic bone loss extending to the middle third of the root, tooth loss of four or fewer due to periodontitis, and possible complexity factors.

Peri-implant mucositis

Reversible inflammation of the peri-implant soft tissues with bleeding on probing and no progressive bone loss; treated by plaque control and professional debridement.

Osseointegration

Direct structural and functional connection between living bone and the implant surface without intervening soft tissue, dependent on primary stability and biocompatible material.

Guided tissue regeneration

A surgical procedure using a barrier membrane to exclude gingival epithelium and connective tissue from a defect, allowing periodontal ligament and bone cells to repopulate the site.

Pell and Gregory classification

Classification of mandibular third molar impaction by depth relative to the occlusal plane (A, B, C) and by the ramus relationship (I, II, III).

Ludwig's angina

Rapidly spreading bilateral cellulitis of the submandibular, sublingual, and submental spaces with tongue elevation and airway compromise; requires urgent airway management and surgical drainage.

Alveolar osteitis

Post-extraction pain from a disintegrated clot, usually days 3-5, with an empty socket; managed by irrigation and a medicated dressing rather than curettage.

Maximum lidocaine dose

For a healthy adult, 4.4 mg/kg of lidocaine with epinephrine, roughly 7 cartridges of 1.8 mL at 2% concentration; reduce the dose in cardiac and hepatic disease.

Leukoplakia definition

A predominantly white patch of the oral mucosa that cannot be characterised clinically or pathologically as any other disease; a diagnosis of exclusion requiring biopsy.

Dentigerous cyst

An odontogenic cyst attached at the cementoenamel junction of an unerupted tooth, enclosing its crown; the most common developmental cyst of the jaws.

Trigeminal neuralgia

Paroxysmal electric-shock facial pain in the V2 or V3 distribution triggered by light touch; carbamazepine is the first-line medication.

ALARA principle

As low as reasonably achievable: radiation exposure is minimised by selecting the correct imaging, using the shortest exposure, and shielding the patient appropriately.

Distal shoe space maintainer

An appliance placed after premature loss of a primary second molar to guide the erupting permanent first molar into position and preserve arch length.

Pulpotomy indication

Removal of the coronal pulp in a primary molar with a vital, mechanically or cariously exposed pulp and no radicular involvement, followed by a medicament and a crown.

ANB angle

Cephalometric angle formed by SNA minus SNB, normally about 2 degrees; an increased value suggests a skeletal Class II pattern and a decreased value a Class III pattern.

DMFT index

Count of decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth per person; used to report caries prevalence and severity in a population and to plan services.

Community water fluoridation

Adjustment of the fluoride concentration in drinking water to about 0.7-1.0 ppm to reduce caries at the population level; it is the most cost-effective community prevention measure.

Prevalence versus incidence

Prevalence is the proportion of a population with a condition at a point in time; incidence is the number of new cases arising over a defined period.

C-factor

The ratio of bonded to unbonded restoration surfaces; a high C-factor increases shrinkage stress, so composite is placed incrementally in deep cavities.

Etch-and-rinse adhesive

An adhesive system in which enamel and dentine are etched with phosphoric acid, rinsed, and dried, leaving dentine moist before primer application.

Local anaesthetic mechanism

The uncharged base crosses the nerve membrane and blocks the sodium channel from inside; inflamed acidic tissue reduces the uncharged fraction and lowers efficacy.

Anaphylaxis management

Adrenaline 0.5 mg intramuscularly in the mid-outer thigh, repeated every five minutes as needed, with oxygen, airway support, and emergency medical transfer.

Autoclave biological indicator

A spore test, usually Geobacillus stearothermophilus, used weekly to verify steriliser efficacy; a failed result requires quarantine of the load and investigation.

Informed consent elements

A competent patient voluntarily agrees after being informed of the diagnosis, proposed treatment, alternatives, material risks, benefits, and consequences of refusing treatment.