Kuwait Dental Board Endodontics flashcards
Kuwait Dental Board Endodontics · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Reversible pulpitis
- Mild, transient pulpal inflammation provoked by stimulus and resolving after removal; vitality tests show a normal response and no spontaneous pain.
- Irreversible pulpitis
- Severe pulpal inflammation with spontaneous or lingering pain; cold test produces a prolonged response, and treatment requires pulp removal.
- Symptomatic apical periodontitis
- Inflammation of the periapical tissues producing pain on percussion and biting; radiograph may show widening of the periodontal ligament space.
- Condensing osteitis
- A localized dense bone reaction to low-grade pulpal infection, most often seen at the apex of a mandibular posterior tooth with a necrotic pulp.
- Cold test
- Application of refrigerant to a tooth to assess pulpal vitality; a lingering response over about ten seconds suggests irreversible pulpitis.
- Electric pulp test
- Electrical stimulation of pulpal A-delta fibers to assess vitality; false negatives occur in immature, calcified, or recently traumatized teeth.
- Sinus tract tracing
- Placement of gutta-percha into a draining sinus followed by radiography to identify the causative tooth, usually at the level of its apex.
- Ferrule effect
- A circumferential band of at least 1.5 to 2 millimeters of dentin above the restoration margin that resists fracture and improves prognosis.
- Vertucci Type IV
- A canal configuration with two separate canals from orifice to apex (2-2); common in mandibular incisors and premolars.
- Second mesiobuccal canal
- An additional canal in the mesiobuccal root of maxillary molars, present in most teeth and located by troughing between the mesiobuccal and palatal orifices.
- Danger zone
- A thin area of root dentin, such as the distal wall of the mandibular mesial root, vulnerable to strip perforation during shaping.
- Working length
- The distance from a coronal reference point to the apical constriction, typically 0.5 to 1 millimeter short of the radiographic apex.
- Smear layer
- A layer of dentin debris and organic material created by instrumentation; it is removed by EDTA to allow sealer adaptation and disinfection.
- Sodium hypochlorite
- The primary endodontic irrigant, antimicrobial and tissue-dissolving, commonly used at 0.5 to 5.25 percent concentration; it does not remove the smear layer.
- Chlorhexidine in endodontics
- A 2 percent irrigant with substantivity and antimicrobial action but no tissue-dissolving capacity; it is not mixed with sodium hypochlorite.
- Warm vertical compaction
- An obturation technique using heated gutta-percha and vertical pluggers to adapt material to canal walls and fill irregularities.
- Coronal seal
- The quality of the restoration above the canal, which, together with the apical seal, strongly predicts periapical healing after treatment.
- Post space preservation
- Leaving at least 4 to 5 millimeters of apical gutta-percha when preparing a post space to maintain the apical seal.
- Nonsurgical retreatment
- Removal of existing root filling material, re-instrumentation, and re-obturation; first-line treatment for post-treatment apical periodontitis when the canal is accessible.
- Apicoectomy
- Surgical resection of the apical 3 millimeters of a root, usually combined with retro-preparation and retro-filling with a bioceramic or MTA material.
- Intentional replantation
- Extraction, extraoral endodontic treatment, and replantation of a tooth; used as a last resort with minimal extraoral time to limit resorption.
- Avulsion management
- Immediate replantation of an avulsed permanent tooth, handling by the crown, and flexible splinting for two weeks; dry time over 60 minutes worsens prognosis.
- Regenerative endodontic procedure
- A protocol for immature necrotic teeth with open apices using minimal instrumentation, low-concentration irrigation, medicament, and blood clot induction to promote root development.
- Storage media for avulsed teeth
- Hanks' balanced salt solution, milk, saline, and saliva preserve periodontal ligament cells; tap water is harmful and should be avoided.
- Acute apical abscess
- A rapidly developing painful infection with swelling and possible systemic signs; treatment requires drainage, and antibiotics are added when systemic involvement is present.
- Flare-up
- An acute exacerbation of pain or swelling after initiation of endodontic treatment, often related to debris extrusion or inadequate disinfection.
- Ludwig's angina
- A bilateral infection of the submandibular and sublingual spaces with airway risk; it is a medical emergency requiring hospital admission and intravenous antibiotics.
- Ibuprofen for odontogenic pain
- An NSAID dosed at 400 to 600 milligrams every 6 to 8 hours; first-line for inflammatory dental pain and often combined with acetaminophen.
- Maximum lidocaine dose
- Approximately 4.4 milligrams per kilogram with epinephrine; exceeding it risks local anesthetic systemic toxicity, including seizures and cardiac effects.
- Rubber dam isolation
- A barrier that isolates the operative field, protects the airway from instruments and irrigants, and is mandatory for endodontic treatment.
- Hypochlorite accident
- Extrusion of sodium hypochlorite beyond the apex causing severe pain, swelling, and tissue necrosis; managed by stopping irrigation, saline rinse, and analgesia.
- Cone-beam computed tomography
- Three-dimensional imaging used for complex anatomy, suspected fracture, and surgical planning; higher dose than periapical radiography, so justified case by case.