Kuwait MOH Dentist (KDLE) flashcards

31 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Meckel cartilage

Cartilage of the first branchial arch that gives rise to the mandible, malleus, and incus; its associated muscles are the muscles of mastication innervated by the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve.

Cusp of Carabelli

An accessory cusp located on the mesiolingual surface of the maxillary first permanent molar; it is a stable anatomic landmark used in tooth identification.

Leukoplakia

A white patch or plaque on the oral mucosa that cannot be wiped off and cannot be clinically diagnosed as any other disease; biopsy is required to exclude dysplasia or carcinoma.

Ludwig angina

A rapidly spreading bilateral cellulitis of the submandibular and sublingual spaces that elevates the floor of the mouth and threatens the airway; treatment requires airway protection, IV antibiotics, and surgical drainage.

Working length

The distance from a coronal reference point to the apical limit of instrumentation, usually 0.5 to 1.0 mm short of the radiographic apex, confirmed with an apex locator and radiograph.

Clinical attachment loss

The distance from the cementoenamel junction to the base of the periodontal pocket; it distinguishes periodontitis from gingivitis, which has no attachment loss.

Centric relation

The maxillomandibular relationship in which the condyles are in their most anterior-superior position against the articular eminences, independent of tooth contact; used to record jaw relations for complete dentures.

Polymerization shrinkage

Volume reduction of composite resin during light curing that can create marginal gaps and postoperative sensitivity; managed by incremental layering of no more than 2 mm and proper curing.

Early childhood caries

A pattern of caries affecting primary maxillary incisors first, then first molars, while mandibular incisors are spared due to salivary flow; associated with frequent sugar exposure and poor oral hygiene.

ANB angle

The angle between the SNA and SNB lines on a lateral cephalogram; a value greater than 4 degrees suggests a Class II skeletal pattern, while a negative value suggests Class III.

Cone beam CT

A three-dimensional imaging modality that provides high-resolution views of teeth, bone, and airway; used for implant planning, impacted teeth, and complex endodontic anatomy with higher radiation than 2D images.

Autoclave sterilization

Sterilization using saturated steam under pressure at 121 degrees Celsius for 15 to 20 minutes or 134 degrees Celsius for 3 to 4 minutes; monitored with biological indicators such as Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores.

Maximum lidocaine dose

For a healthy adult, lidocaine with epinephrine is limited to about 7 mg/kg, and without epinephrine about 4.4 mg/kg; exceeding the dose risks local anesthetic systemic toxicity.

Anaphylaxis management

A severe allergic reaction treated with intramuscular epinephrine 0.3 to 0.5 mg in the thigh, plus emergency services, airway support, and monitoring of vital signs.

Enamel composition

Mature enamel is about 96 percent mineral by weight, mainly hydroxyapatite, with little organic material and water; it is formed by ameloblasts and cannot regenerate after eruption.

Curve of Spee

The anteroposterior curvature of the occlusal plane, formed by the alignment of incisal edges and cusp tips; an exaggerated curve is associated with deep overbite and is corrected in orthodontics.

Odontogenic keratocyst

A developmental cyst with a thin parakeratinized lining, a corrugated surface, and a palisaded basal layer; it has a high recurrence rate, and multiple lesions suggest Gorlin-Goltz syndrome.

Dry socket

Alveolar osteitis presenting as severe pain 2 to 4 days after extraction with an empty socket and exposed bone; managed by irrigation and a medicated dressing, with smoking avoidance.

Sodium hypochlorite irrigation

An endodontic irrigant at 1 to 5.25 percent that dissolves tissue and kills microorganisms; extrusion beyond the apex causes severe pain, swelling, and tissue necrosis requiring saline irrigation and monitoring.

Guided tissue regeneration

A surgical periodontal procedure using a barrier membrane to exclude epithelium and allow periodontal ligament and bone cells to repopulate a defect, used for intrabony and furcation defects.

Balanced occlusion

An occlusal scheme for complete dentures with bilateral simultaneous contacts in centric occlusion and in eccentric movements, which stabilizes the denture bases during function.

Class II cavity

A cavity involving proximal surfaces of posterior teeth; it is prepared to remove caries and restore contour, with the isthmus width usually not exceeding one-third of the intercuspal distance.

Space maintainer

An appliance that preserves arch length after premature loss of a primary tooth; a band-and-loop is used for posterior teeth, and a distal shoe guides the first permanent molar.

Functional appliance

A removable appliance such as a Twin Block that modifies mandibular growth and position in growing Class II patients by altering muscle function and condylar position.

Bitewing radiograph

An intraoral radiograph showing the crowns of maxillary and mandibular posterior teeth and crestal bone; it is the best view for detecting interproximal caries.

ALARA principle

As Low As Reasonably Achievable; radiation protection principle applied in dental imaging through lead aprons, thyroid collars, rectangular collimation, and digital sensors to minimize patient dose.

Amoxicillin prophylaxis

A single 2 g dose of amoxicillin taken 30 to 60 minutes before an invasive dental procedure for high-risk cardiac patients; clindamycin or azithromycin are alternatives for penicillin allergy.

Informed consent

The ethical and legal requirement to explain a procedure, its risks, benefits, and alternatives, and to obtain the patient's voluntary agreement before treatment.

Periodontal staging

The 2017 classification uses Stage I to IV based on clinical attachment loss and tooth loss, and Grade A to C based on progression rate; Stage III begins at 5 mm attachment loss.

Pulpotomy

Removal of the coronal pulp while preserving the radicular pulp in a primary or young permanent tooth; formocresol, ferric sulfate, or MTA are used, with MTA preferred for success.

Tongue papillae

Filiform papillae lack taste buds and carry touch; fungiform, foliate, and circumvallate papillae contain taste buds, with circumvallate arranged in a V anterior to the sulcus terminalis.