Kuwait MOH Dietitian flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Atwater factors

Energy values used to calculate kilocalories from macronutrients: carbohydrate 4 kcal/g, protein 4 kcal/g, fat 9 kcal/g, and alcohol 7 kcal/g.

Mifflin-St Jeor equation

Estimates resting energy expenditure from weight, height, and age; men add 5 and women subtract 161 after the base calculation.

Glycemic load

Calculated as glycemic index multiplied by available carbohydrate in grams, divided by 100; it reflects both quality and quantity of carbohydrate.

Nitrogen balance

Nitrogen intake minus nitrogen losses, including urinary urea nitrogen plus about 4 g of obligatory losses; positive values indicate anabolism.

PDCAAS versus DIAAS

Protein quality scores; PDCAAS uses fecal digestibility and caps at 1.0, while DIAAS uses ileal digestibility and can exceed 1.0.

Vitamin D status thresholds

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D below 30 nmol/L indicates deficiency, 30 to 50 nmol/L insufficiency, and above 50 nmol/L sufficiency.

Hepcidin

A liver hormone that blocks intestinal iron absorption and macrophage iron release; it rises with inflammation, reducing iron availability.

Methylmalonic acid

A metabolite that rises specifically in vitamin B12 deficiency, helping distinguish it from folate deficiency when homocysteine is elevated in both.

Iodine deficiency consequences

Causes goiter and hypothyroidism; in pregnancy it impairs fetal neurodevelopment. Urinary iodine concentration is the population monitoring biomarker.

DASH eating pattern

A dietary pattern rich in fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy, and whole grains that lowers blood pressure; sodium is limited to 2,300 mg/day or less.

CKD protein prescription

Non-dialyzed chronic kidney disease stages 3 to 5 use 0.6 to 0.8 g/kg/day; hemodialysis patients need 1.0 to 1.2 g/kg/day.

Refeeding syndrome

A dangerous electrolyte shift, especially hypophosphatemia, occurring when nutrition is restarted in malnourished patients; start low and monitor daily.

Cirrhosis protein requirement

Patients with cirrhosis and ascites need 1.2 to 1.5 g/kg/day of protein with sodium limited to 2,000 mg/day; protein is not restricted in encephalopathy.

Body mass index formula

Weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared; WHO categories are underweight below 18.5, normal 18.5 to 24.9, and obese at 30 or above.

Waist circumference thresholds

Above 102 cm in men and above 88 cm in women indicates high cardiometabolic risk; measure at the midpoint between lowest rib and iliac crest.

Subjective Global Assessment

A clinical tool grading nutrition status A, B, or C using weight change, dietary intake, gastrointestinal symptoms, functional capacity, and disease burden.

Adjusted body weight

Calculated as ideal body weight plus 25 percent of the difference between actual and ideal weight; used for energy and protein estimation in obesity.

Precede-Proceed model

A planning framework with assessment phases one through four and implementation and evaluation phases five through eight for community health programs.

Transtheoretical model stages

Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination; interventions are matched to the patient's current stage of change.

Health Belief Model

Explains preventive behavior through perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy.

HACCP seven principles

Hazard analysis, critical control points, critical limits, monitoring, corrective actions, verification, and record keeping form the food safety system.

Temperature danger zone

The range from 5 to 60 degrees Celsius in which bacteria multiply rapidly; hot food stays above 60 and cold food below 5.

Food cost percentage

Food cost divided by revenue multiplied by 100; a standard foodservice financial indicator for menu pricing and cost control.

Exclusive breastfeeding duration

Recommended for the first six months, with complementary foods introduced at six months and breastfeeding continued to two years or beyond.

Gestational weight gain ranges

Underweight BMI 12.5 to 18 kg, normal BMI 11.5 to 16 kg, overweight 7 to 11.5 kg, and obese 5 to 9 kg total gain.

Infant formula dilution errors

Over-dilution causes water intoxication and hyponatremia; under-dilution causes dehydration and renal solute overload. Always follow label instructions exactly.

Head of bed elevation

Enteral feeding patients should be positioned at 30 to 45 degrees to reduce aspiration risk during and after feeding.

Peripheral parenteral nutrition limit

Peripheral veins tolerate osmolarity generally below 900 mOsm/L; higher concentrations require a central venous catheter.

Sensitivity and specificity

Sensitivity is true positives divided by all diseased; specificity is true negatives divided by all non-diseased. Predictive values also depend on prevalence.

PICO framework

Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome; it structures a clinical question for literature searching and critical appraisal.

Public Authority for Food and Nutrition

The Kuwaiti authority responsible for food standards, labeling, and import controls, supporting dietitians in advising patients on food safety.

Kuwait dietitian licensure

Requires an accredited degree, supervised practice, and registration with Kuwaiti health authorities; continuing education maintains competence.