Kuwait MOH Nurse Exam flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Normal adult respiratory rate

12 to 20 breaths per minute at rest. Count for a full 60 seconds, ideally without the patient knowing, because awareness alters breathing pattern.

Braden Scale threshold

A score of 18 or below indicates risk for pressure injury and triggers preventive measures such as repositioning, moisture management, and support surfaces.

Nursing process sequence

Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation. It is cyclical; evaluation findings feed back into reassessment and revision of the care plan.

Hypoglycemia treatment rule

Blood glucose below 70 mg/dL: give 15 to 20 grams of fast-acting carbohydrate if conscious, or IV dextrose or IM glucagon if unresponsive, then recheck in 15 minutes.

Late deceleration meaning

Fetal heart rate deceleration that begins after the uterine contraction peak and recovers slowly. It signals uteroplacental insufficiency; reposition, give oxygen, and stop oxytocin.

Magnesium sulfate toxicity antidote

Calcium gluconate 10 percent given intravenously. Monitor deep tendon reflexes, respiratory rate, and urine output; absent reflexes and respiratory depression indicate toxicity.

APGAR scoring components

Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration, each scored 0 to 2. Assessed at 1 and 5 minutes after birth; total ranges from 0 to 10.

Naegele's rule

Estimated delivery date equals the first day of the last menstrual period plus 7 days minus 3 months, adjusting the year forward by one.

Pediatric maintenance fluid rule

The 4-2-1 rule: 4 mL/kg/h for the first 10 kg, 2 mL/kg/h for the next 10 kg, and 1 mL/kg/h for each kilogram above 20.

Croup versus epiglottitis

Croup causes a barking cough with inspiratory stridor. Epiglottitis causes drooling, muffled voice, and tripod positioning; never inspect the throat because of airway spasm risk.

Kawasaki disease major risk

The most serious complication is coronary artery aneurysm. Diagnostic criteria include fever of 5 days or more plus conjunctivitis, rash, mucosal changes, and extremity changes.

Serotonin syndrome features

Agitation, hyperthermia, clonus, hyperreflexia, and diarrhea after serotonergic drugs. Stop the offending agents and provide supportive cooling and benzodiazepines.

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Rigidity, high fever, altered mental status, and autonomic instability after antipsychotics, with elevated creatine kinase. Stop the drug and give dantrolene or bromocriptine.

Lithium therapeutic range

0.6 to 1.2 mEq/L. Toxicity presents with coarse tremor, vomiting, ataxia, and confusion; maintain sodium and fluid intake to reduce retention.

Alcohol withdrawal timeline

Tremor and anxiety at 6 to 12 hours, seizures at 12 to 48 hours, delirium tremens at 48 to 96 hours. Benzodiazepines are first-line treatment.

Incidence versus prevalence

Incidence counts new cases arising in a defined period. Prevalence counts all existing cases at a point in time, reflecting both new cases and duration of disease.

Infant mortality rate formula

Deaths of infants under 1 year of age divided by live births in the same year, multiplied by 1000. It is a key indicator of population health.

Herd immunity concept

Indirect protection of unvaccinated people when a sufficient proportion of the population is immune, interrupting transmission. The threshold rises with the pathogen's transmissibility.

Adult CPR compression standard

Compress at 100 to 120 per minute to a depth of 5 to 6 cm with full chest recoil, using a 30:2 compression-to-ventilation ratio and minimizing interruptions.

Shockable cardiac rhythms

Ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia are shockable. Asystole and pulseless electrical activity are non-shockable and require compressions and epinephrine.

Anaphylaxis first-line drug

Intramuscular epinephrine 0.3 to 0.5 mg of a 1:1000 solution into the anterolateral thigh, repeated every 5 to 15 minutes as needed. Antihistamines are adjuncts only.

Sepsis-3 definition

Suspected infection with an acute increase in SOFA score of 2 or more. Septic shock adds vasopressor need for MAP of 65 mmHg or higher and lactate above 2 mmol/L.

Digoxin administration rule

Check the apical pulse for one full minute and withhold the dose if the adult rate is below 60 per minute. Hypokalemia increases the risk of toxicity.

Warfarin monitoring and antidote

Monitor INR, with a usual target of 2 to 3. Vitamin K is the antidote, and fresh frozen plasma or prothrombin complex is used for major bleeding.

Heparin antidote

Protamine sulfate reverses heparin. Monitoring uses aPTT or anti-Xa levels, and platelet counts are watched for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.

Acetaminophen overdose antidote

N-acetylcysteine, most effective when given early after ingestion. The maximum adult dose is 4 grams per day, lower in liver disease or chronic alcohol use.

Airborne precautions requirements

Use for tuberculosis, measles, and varicella. Requires a negative-pressure room and an N95 or higher respirator; place a surgical mask on the patient during transport.

C. difficile hand hygiene

Alcohol-based rub does not kill spores. Wash hands with soap and water and use bleach-based cleaning for environmental surfaces and shared equipment.

Chain of infection links

Infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host. Interrupting any single link prevents transmission.

Informed consent elements

Capacity to decide, adequate disclosure of risks, benefits, and alternatives, and voluntary choice. Consent can be withdrawn at any time and must be documented.

Ethical principles in nursing

Autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice, supported by veracity and fidelity. These guide decisions when duties to the patient conflict.

Kuwait MOH nursing licensure

The Ministry of Health licenses and regulates nursing practice in Kuwait. Nurses must hold valid licensure and follow MOH reporting and documentation requirements.